Brain Functioning/hormones And How They Relate To Aggression

Question 1

Matt

Answer 1

Jnyjnyyjn

Question 2

Serotonin-role and links to aggression

Answer 2

Has important roles like social decision making.
It inhibits our response to emotional stimuli at could lead to aggressive behaviour. Low serotonin levels- responds more aggressively.
It reduces aggression by preventing stimulation of the amygdala.

Question 3

Domaine and aggression

Answer 3

Increased dopamine levels can produce increased levels of aggressive behaviour.

Question 4

What are hormones

Answer 4

Chemical messengers of the body

Question 5

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 5

Made up of thyroid and pituitary gland, responsible for making hormones

Question 6

What is stress?

Answer 6

An environmental factor that can affect the release of hormones

Question 7

What is adrenaline?

Answer 7

Hormone released from adrenal glands preparing body for fight or flight

Question 8

What is cortisol?

Answer 8

Steroid hormone produced within the adrenal Glands released in response to stress.

Question 9

What is testosterone?

Answer 9

Hormone found predominately in males due to greater exposure during puberty.

Question 10

How are hormones different to neurotransmitters?

Answer 10

They travel in the blood stream at a slower rate and can affect metabolism and mood but have a role in reproduction.

Question 11

How do hormones work?

Answer 11

By binding to receptor proteins in target cells and changing cell function. The cell responds to the hormones.

Question 12

What affects and is affected by hormones?

Answer 12

Behaviour is affected by hormones and environment can affect the release of hormones such as stress.

Question 13

What is ACTH?

Answer 13

Produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the production or release of cortisol from the cortex of the adrenal gland.

Question 14

What does Haller and Kirk describe?
What did they find?

Answer 14

How stress hormones (adrenaline and noradrenaline) are influenced by the limbic system and can result in aggression.
They found a positive correlation between ACTH, corticoids and aggression.

Question 15

What did raine find about about crime in males.

Answer 15

He found that 5% of males to be characterised by a pattern of antisocial behaviour commit 50-70% of all violnmet crimes.

Question 16

When does involvement in crime in males tend to rise?

Answer 16

In the early teens to mid-teens which happens at the same time testosterone levels rise.

Question 17

What was dabbs study?
What did he measure? Sample? Results? What does this suggest?

Answer 17

Measured the levels of testosterone in saliva of 89 male prisoners involved in violent and non-violent crime.
Found that levels of testosterone was higher in those who had been involved in violent crimes (10/11 violent prisoners had high testosterone levels).
Suggests high levels of testosterone links to aggression.

Question 18

What did kalat report?

Answer 18

Reported that in 15-25 year old men, those with high levels of testosterone showed higher levels of aggressive behaviour.
In non-human animals, castrated males fight least, supporting this notion.

Question 19

Barzman did barzman study/ what was. His aim? (cortisol and aggression)

Answer 19

Studied aggression in boys in a psychiatric hospital. 17 boys aged 7-9.
Aimed to see if hormones in saliva related to aggression.

Question 20

What was barzmans method?

Answer 20

1)children were admitted and carried out 2 rating scales of aggression.
2)24h later saliva samples were taken 3 times, once after waking up, one 30 minutes later and one between 3:45-7:45. Twice a day nurses recorded aggression from what they could see using a scale.

Question 21

What was the results of barzmans study?

Answer 21

The amount of cortisol in saliva taken 30 minutes after waking up correlated with the number of aggressive incidents recorded.
There was declines in cortisol over the day in aggressive boys
Levels of testosterone after waking up correlated with the amount of aggression in the first aggressive incidents recorded noted that day.

Question 22

Dabbs and Hargrove in female aggression.

Answer 22

Measures testosterone in the saliva of 87 female inmates involved a maximum security prison.
Found that the degree if criminal violence used by the women positively correlated with testosterone levels.

Question 23

Floodys research in female aggression

Answer 23

Researched pre-menstrual syndrome shows that in the time of hormonal fluctuation some women can increase irritability and hostility and more likely to commit a crime.

Question 24

Evaluation of hormones relating to aggression.
Reliability and credibility
2 points.

Answer 24

1)studies tend to use careful controls and animal studies can use even stronger controls. Methods are scientific so there credibility in conclusions. Study findings tend to support each other which adds reliability to conclusions.

2)both human and animal studies have found a link between cortisol and aggression. Lots of research in this area uses different methods and measures that gives scientific credibility and reliability to findings.

Question 25

Evaluation of hormones relating to aggression.
Generalisability.
2 points.

Answer 25

:(. Although mice and humans share more than 90% of their genes, there are sufficient diffferences between them to suggest that findings about aggression in m8cver cannot be generalised to humans. Mice are kept in artificial situations when being studied and social behaviour is not the same of human social behaviour.

:).Hypothalamus and limbic systems in humans and rodents are similar enough for generalisations to be made. The attack centre found in hypothalamus links to aggression which also links to the limbic systems in humans. Shared genes between animals and humans make generalisation possible.