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Psychology and the Brain > Brain Damage- Week 10 > Flashcards

Brain Damage- Week 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of closed-head injuries:

A

Leading cause of death in under 4’s
Occur without damage to the skull
Caused primarily by falls, vehicular accidents and violence

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2
Q

What is the most common example of a closed head injury:

A

Concussion

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3
Q

What are the immediate symptoms of concussion:

A 
Headache
KO
Confusion
Amnesia 
Dizziness
Slurred speech
Nausea
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4
Q

What are the long term symptoms concussion also known as?

A

Post concussion syndrome

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5
Q

What are the long term symptoms of concussion

A

Concentration and memory problems
Slowed reaction times
Irritability & Personality change

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6
Q

Describe what happens for a concussion to occur:

A
  1. The initial blow to the head is followed by a counter blow as the head shifts rapidly in one direction then the other
  2. The brain then swells and bruises
  3. This is because the neurochemical balance of the brain has been disrupted
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7
Q

What can happen in a rotational injury (concussion)

A

The brain twists and this can cause potential shearing of brain nerve fibres

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8
Q

What can happen if a person is concussed many times over a long period

A

This can lead to long term or permanent effects
‘Boxer’s dementia’ can form
This manifests itself as dementia and Parkinson’s disease like symptoms

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Boxers dementia (concussion)

A

Lack of coordination
Speech problems
Explosive and inappropriate behaviour

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10
Q

What are tumours?

A

Abnormal growths within the brain

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11
Q

What are the 2 main types of tumour?

A

Compression

Infiltration

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12
Q

Describe the characteristics of a compression tumour:

A 
Pushing and displacing normal brain tissue
20% of tumours are encased in meninges- causing them to divide much faster
Often benign (not cancerous)
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13
Q

Describe the characteristics of infiltration tumours:

A

Replace normal tissue with malignant growths
Growths diffusely into the surrounding tissue
Difficult to remove
Can be cancerous

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14
Q

What are the 4 main types of brain damage?

A

Closed-head injuries
Tumours
Cerebrovascular accidents
Toxicity & Inflammation

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15
Q

How can tumours be assessed?

A

Check for vision, hearing, balance, coordination and reflexes

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16
Q

What imaging tests can be used to see where tumours are?

A

MRI, fMRI, CT, PET, MRS

17
Q

What are the 3 different types of strokes?

A

Haemorrhagic stroke
Ischemic stroke
Transient Ischemic Stroke (mini stroke)

18
Q

Describe what a Haemorrhagic stroke is:

A

leaking/burst blood vessel

19
Q

Describe what a Ischemic stroke is:

A

blocked artery

20
Q

Describe what aTransient Ischemic Stroke (mini stroke) is:

A

Temporary disruption to blood flow

21
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a stroke:

A 
Paralysis/numbness of face/arms/legs
Trouble speaking/understanding
Vision problems
Headaches
Trouble walking
22
Q

What are the symptoms of brain toxicity?

A

Altered memory states
Memory loss
Visual disturbances

23
Q

What is toxic psychosis?

A

Chronic insanity due to neurotoxin

E.g Mad Hatter- toxic psychosis due to mercury exposure

24
Q

What are the symptoms of a brain infection?

A

Headaches
Fever
Weakness
Personality changes

25
Q

What are the symptoms of frontal lobe dysfunction?

A 
Loss of flexible thinking
Problems with sequencing
Difficulties problem solving
Inability to focus
Changes to mood, social behaviour and personality
26
Q

What are the symptoms of temporal lobe dysfunction?

A 
Wernicke's Aphasia
Selective attention
Inability to categorise objects
Short/Long term memory loss
Increased aggressive behaviour
27
Q

What are the symptoms of parietal lobe dysfunction?

A

Agraphia (phonological)
Alexia (inability to read written words or letters)
Difficulties in hand-eye co-ordination
Apraxia (inability to perform particular purposive actions)
Agraphia (lexical)

28
Q

What are the symptoms of occipital lobe dysfunction?

A

Loss of visual field
Motion blindness
Colour blindness
Visual agnosia (cannot interpret visual info)
Prosopagnosia (inability to recognise the faces of familiar people)

29
Q

What are the symptoms of cerebellar dysfunction?

A

Dysergia (lack or muscles co-ordination)
Dysdladochokinsia: (inability to perform rapid alternating movements)
Dysmetria: (inability to judge distance or scale)

30
Q

What are the symptoms of brain stem dysfunction?

A 
Temperature regulation
Breathing
Nausea/vertigo
Balance and movement problems
Insomnia
31
Q

Why study brain damage?

A

Helps localise brain function
Show how the brain changes over time
Helps development treatments

Psychology and the Brain (11 decks)

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