Brain & Cranial Nerves 1 Flashcards
What are the 4 major areas of the brain?
- diencephalon
- brainstem
- cerebellum
- cerebrum
What is gyri?
larger folds of brain surface
What is sulci?
shallow depressions between gyri on surface of brain
What is a fissure?
a deep groove on the surface of the brain
What is gray matter and why is it gray?
It is the the outer layer of the brain made from cell bodies.
What is white matter and why is it white?
It is the inner area of the brain and it is white because of the myelination on axons.
What is the cerebral cortex?
The superficial region of gray matter on the cerebrum.
What is cerebral nuclei?
They are small clusters of gray matter (cell bodies) within white matter.
What 4 things protect the brain?
- the cranium
- CSF
- blood brain barrier
- meninges
What are the 3 cranial meninges?
- pia mater
- arachnoid mater
- dura mater
What is pia mater?
The innermost meninge layer. It is thin areolar connective tissue tightly adhered to brain.
What is arachnoid mater?
Composed of collagen and elastic fibers. It contains arachnoid trabeculae that extends deep to reach pia mater.
What is subarachnoid space?
The potential space between pia mater and arachnoid mater.
What is subdural space?
The space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.
What is dura mater?
Hard and tough irregular connective tissue.
What is the epidural space?
The space between the skull and dura mater containing blood vessels and space for blood or fluid.
What is cranial dura septa?
Double layers of dura mater that extend into the cranial cavity and separate areas of the brain.
What is the falx cerebri?
A cranial dura septa that divides the left and right hemisphere.
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
A cranial dura septa that divides the temporal and occipital lobes from cerebellum.
What is the falx cerebelli?
A cranial dura septa that divides the cerebellum into left and right hemispheres.
What is the diaphragma sellae?
A cranial dura septa that forms a roof over the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
What are characteristics of all ventricles?
Cavities within the brain
Lined with ependymal cells
Contain CSF
Communicate with spinal cords central canal
What separates the 2 lateral ventricles?
The septum pelllucidum.
Where is the 3rd ventricle located?
Deep within the diencephalon.
How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with each lateral ventricle?
Through the interventricular foramen.
What is the 4th ventricle located?
Between the pons and cerebellum.
How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with the th ventricle?
Through the cerebral aqueduct.
Where does the 4th ventricle open into?
Arachnoid space
What are the 3 functions of the CSF?
- Protection
- Buoyancy
- Environmental stability
What occurs during arachnoid granulation?
Excess CSF flows into fingerlike projections called arachnoid villi and is released into the dural venous sinuses.
What structure provides communication between the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?
The corpus callosum.
What is cerebral lateralization?
The functional differences between the left and right side of the brain.
What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?
- frontal
- occipital
- temporal
- . parietal
- Insula
At what grooves does the frontal lobe begin and end?
It ends posteriorly at the central sulcus and begins anteriorly at the lateral sulcus.
What is the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe?
A landmark dividing out the pre motor cortex.
What is the postcentral gyrus of the temporal lobe?
A landmark dividing out the primary somato sensory cortex.
