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A&P Exam 3 > Brain & Cranial Nerves 1 > Flashcards

Brain & Cranial Nerves 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major areas of the brain?

A
  1. diencephalon
  2. brainstem
  3. cerebellum
  4. cerebrum
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2
Q

What is gyri?

A

larger folds of brain surface

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3
Q

What is sulci?

A

shallow depressions between gyri on surface of brain

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4
Q

What is a fissure?

A

a deep groove on the surface of the brain

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5
Q

What is gray matter and why is it gray?

A

It is the the outer layer of the brain made from cell bodies.

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6
Q

What is white matter and why is it white?

A

It is the inner area of the brain and it is white because of the myelination on axons.

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7
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

The superficial region of gray matter on the cerebrum.

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8
Q

What is cerebral nuclei?

A

They are small clusters of gray matter (cell bodies) within white matter.

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9
Q

What 4 things protect the brain?

A
  1. the cranium
  2. CSF
  3. blood brain barrier
  4. meninges
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10
Q

What are the 3 cranial meninges?

A
  1. pia mater
  2. arachnoid mater
  3. dura mater
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11
Q

What is pia mater?

A

The innermost meninge layer. It is thin areolar connective tissue tightly adhered to brain.

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12
Q

What is arachnoid mater?

A

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers. It contains arachnoid trabeculae that extends deep to reach pia mater.

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13
Q

What is subarachnoid space?

A

The potential space between pia mater and arachnoid mater.

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14
Q

What is subdural space?

A

The space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater.

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15
Q

What is dura mater?

A

Hard and tough irregular connective tissue.

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16
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

The space between the skull and dura mater containing blood vessels and space for blood or fluid.

17
Q

What is cranial dura septa?

A

Double layers of dura mater that extend into the cranial cavity and separate areas of the brain.

18
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

A cranial dura septa that divides the left and right hemisphere.

19
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

A cranial dura septa that divides the temporal and occipital lobes from cerebellum.

20
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

A cranial dura septa that divides the cerebellum into left and right hemispheres.

21
Q

What is the diaphragma sellae?

A

A cranial dura septa that forms a roof over the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

22
Q

What are characteristics of all ventricles?

A

Cavities within the brain
Lined with ependymal cells
Contain CSF
Communicate with spinal cords central canal

23
Q

What separates the 2 lateral ventricles?

A

The septum pelllucidum.

24
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

A

Deep within the diencephalon.

25
Q

How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with each lateral ventricle?

A

Through the interventricular foramen.

26
Q

What is the 4th ventricle located?

A

Between the pons and cerebellum.

27
Q

How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with the th ventricle?

A

Through the cerebral aqueduct.

28
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle open into?

A

Arachnoid space

29
Q

What are the 3 functions of the CSF?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Buoyancy
  3. Environmental stability
30
Q

What occurs during arachnoid granulation?

A

Excess CSF flows into fingerlike projections called arachnoid villi and is released into the dural venous sinuses.

31
Q

What structure provides communication between the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?

A

The corpus callosum.

32
Q

What is cerebral lateralization?

A

The functional differences between the left and right side of the brain.

33
Q

What are the 5 lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  1. frontal
  2. occipital
  3. temporal
  4. . parietal
  5. Insula
34
Q

At what grooves does the frontal lobe begin and end?

A

It ends posteriorly at the central sulcus and begins anteriorly at the lateral sulcus.

35
Q

What is the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe?

A

A landmark dividing out the pre motor cortex.

36
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus of the temporal lobe?

A

A landmark dividing out the primary somato sensory cortex.

A&P Exam 3 (3 decks)

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