Brain & Behaviour Flashcards

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1
Q

How is Einstein’s brain structured differently?

A
  • 73% more glial cells
  • needs more energy
  • EXTRA THICK corpus callosum > more ext. connections between cerebral hemispheres
  • differences in areas supporting spatial insight
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2
Q

What are the 3 divisions in the brain?

A
  1. hindbrain
  2. midbrain
  3. forebrain
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3
Q

What is the hindbrain responsible for? What are the 2 main parts?

A
  • programs for living
    > medulla/pons: basic survival functions
    >cerebellum: motor coordination + balance
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4
Q

What is the midbrain responsible for?

A

-coordinating sensory info

>reflexive orienting to visual/auditory events

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5
Q

What is the forebrain responsible for? What are the 2 main parts?

A

inc. the cerebral cortex + subcortical structures
>thalamus: relay station for sensory + motor info
> hypothalamus: motivation + regulation [4 Fs]

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6
Q

What are the 4 Fs?

A

Fighting, fleeing, feeding & mating

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7
Q

What is the basal ganglia responsible for?

A
  • movement

- motor control

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8
Q

What causes Parkinsons?

A
  • premature death of dopamine cells

- basal ganglia depleted the dopamine

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9
Q

What are the parts of the limbic system? [2]

A

Hippocampus

Amygdala

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10
Q

What does the hippocampus do? [2]

A
  • long-term memory

- spatial navigation

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11
Q

What does the amygdala do? [3]

A
  • emotional learning
  • fear conditioning
  • detecting threat
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12
Q

What does contralateral organisation mean?

A
  • REFERS TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX*
  • means right brain controls L
  • left brain controls R
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13
Q

Cerebral cortex: Left brain does what?

A

language + the interpreter

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14
Q

Cerebral cortex: Right brain does what?

A

spatial

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15
Q

How can epilepsy be treated?

A

Sever the corpus callosum (seizures can’t spread)

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16
Q

Function of the OCCIPITAL LOBE

A

visual cortex: visual input
> damage the OC = BLINDNESS

Rest of the OC: visual processing
> PET study confirms this

17
Q

Function of the PARIETAL LOBE

A

somatosensory cortex: touch inputs

rest of the PL: spatial perception, reaching, grasping attention

18
Q

Function of the TEMPORAL LOBE

A

Auditory cortex: hearing

rest of TL: object recognition, lan. comprehension, long-term memory

19
Q

What happens when you damage the lower part of the TL?

A

DAMAGE TO LOWER TL = CAN’T PUT VISUAL INFO TOGETHER

20
Q

What’s Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Can’t understand/produce understandable lang

21
Q

Function of the FRONTAL LOBE

A

Motor cortex: movement

rest of FL: speech, complex thinking, working memory, personality

22
Q

What’s Broca’s aphasia?

A

Difficulty prod. lang, but can comprehend [affecting the FL]

23
Q

Key points for Penfield’s Homunculus

A
  1. adjacent points on skin = adjacent in cortex (ex. toes next to foot then leg)
  2. some regions have more cortex devoted to them
24
Q

What’s special about the cortex?

A

It’s PLASTIC&raquo_space; MALLEABLE