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Bsc Psychology Year 1 PY1503 > Brain And The Body > Flashcards

Brain And The Body Flashcards

1
Q

How much the does human brain weight

A

1.4kg

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2
Q

Does brain mass effect intelligence

A

It does not as humans have a greater brain weight to body weight

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3
Q

How has the brain size changed over the years

A

It has increased however the size is restricted but the size of the birth canal

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4
Q

How is the brain divided

A

It is divided into 2 hemispheres connected by the corpus collosum which has 200 neurons cross between

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5
Q

Where does connections between neurons take place

A

Grey matter

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6
Q

Where does the execution of motor action take place

A

Cerebellum

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7
Q

What is the Pons involved

A

Sleep and arousal

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8
Q

what is medulla involved in

A

reflexive actions

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9
Q

what are the 3 sensory regions in the lobe

A

motor cortex
sensory cortx
olfactory cortex

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10
Q

where does language take place in the brain

A

parietal and temporal lobes

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11
Q

what is a neuron

A

electrically excitable cells that communicate with other cells through synapse

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12
Q

what are the components of a neuron

A

soma - holds organelles
dendrites
axon
axon termina;

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13
Q

how is electrical activity conducted in neuron

A

outside of cell is sodium and inside is potassium, potassium-sodium takes in 2 K for 3 NA making cell negative creating -65mv resting potential. when NT bind to receptors ion channels convert chemical to electrical signals. sodium channels open causing flood of NA changing the resting potential when it hits threshold of -55mv it triggers action potential called depolarization. if there is a positive charge influx causes EPSP but if chloride flood it makes it harder as it causes IPSP. when action potential is triggered sodium channels open leading to rapid depolarization and when cell his 40mv the NA channels become inactive and K channels open leading to hyperpolarization

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14
Q

What happens at the synapse

A

synaptic transmission

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15
Q

what are the 2 kinds of NT

A

Excitatory NT - allow soidum to flow into post neuron
Inhibitory NT - allow for chloride to flow into post neuron

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16
Q

examples of E-NT

A

Glutamte and DA

17
Q

examples of I-NT

A

GABA and SA

18
Q

What are Agonits

A

increase effect of NT

19
Q

what are antagonists

A

decrease effect of NT

20
Q

What is Benzodiazepine an example of

A

indirect GABA agonist

21
Q

what is curare an example of

A

direct acetylcholine antagonist

22
Q

how was the brain studied historically

A

Post-mortem examinations e.g Tans PME found a big lesion in his broca’s area causing his expressive aphasia

23
Q

How does MRI work

A

Magnetic fields and radio waves producing image based on hydrogen ions in body

24
Q

how does a structural mri work

A

measure the amount of hyrdrogen are in structures of the brain being used and form an image the darker the image the more hydrogen

25
Q

how does function MRI work

A

measures blood-flow changes in task changes
measures the protons released when hemoglobin in oxygenated blood releases oxygen

26
Q

what is a strength of MRI

A

high spatial resolution

27
Q

what is a weakness of MRI

A

low temporal resolution

28
Q

how does an EEG work

A

non-invasive scan using up to 100 electrodes which has high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution

29
Q

how does an MEG work

A

brain electrical current are associated with magnetic fields MEG records mag fields from outside the head / Better spatial resolution

30
Q

what is a hormone

A

chemical messenger that travels in the bloodstream and targets other organs

31
Q

why are hormones slower

A

because they travel in the bloodstream

32
Q

what are some examples of hormones

A

testosterone/ Oestrogen/ insulin/ Ghrelin/ Adrenaline

33
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

a network of glands that produce hormones to regulate bodily function

34
Q

how does the adrenal glands work

A

it had 2 parts the medulla and the cortex
the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline under the sympathetic control and maintaining fight or flight by increasing heart rates and breathing and it stays in the system for a while

35
Q

how does the release of cortisol happen

A

hypothalamus releases CRH which triggers the pituitary glands to release ACTH which flows in the blood to the adrenal gland which releases cortisol

36
Q

what are the pros and cons of cortisol

A

s: makes energy available by breaking down proteins into energy/ breaking down fats and affecting glucose metabolism
w: long term stress can have significant effects on the body as all parts have cortisol receptors which effect hormonal balance

Bsc Psychology Year 1 PY1503 (5 decks)

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