Brain and Memory Flashcards
What are the neural areas associated with episodic memory? (3)
involves the medial temporal lobes including the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex
4 stages of memory processing?
- Registration: input from our senses into the memory system
- Encoding: processing and combining of received information
- Storage: holding of that input in the memory system
- Retrieval: recovering stored information from the memory system (remembering)
Define the registration stage of memory processing
- Registration: input from our senses into the memory system
Define the encoding stage of memory processing
- Encoding: processing and combining of received information
Define the storage stage of memory processing
- Storage: holding of that input in the memory system
Define the retrieval stage of memory processing
- Retrieval: recovering stored information from the memory system (remembering)
2 types of long term memory?
- Non-Declarative (Implicit) Memory (aka unconscious memory)
* Declarative (Explicit) Memory (aka conscious memory)
what is Non-Declarative (Implicit) Memory (aka unconscious memory)
• Familiarity such that you know how to interact with an object or situation without consciously thinking about it
what are the 2 types of Declarative (Explicit) Memory (aka conscious memory)
- Episodic: related to personal experience (i.e. your memories)
- Semantic: factual memory (i.e. general knowledge)
what is episodic memory
• Episodic: related to personal experience (i.e. your memories)
what is semantic memory
• Semantic: factual memory (i.e. general knowledge)
2 strategies for enhancing memory?
- Assimilation – linking words with previous knowledge/giving words a meaning (e.g. SOCRATES)
- Mnemonics – e.g. here comes the thumb, straight line to pinky (carpal bones)
What type of aphasia is fluent expression and impaired comprehension
Wernicke’s receptive aphasia
What type of aphasia is impaired expression and fluent comprehension
Broca’s Expressive aphasia
Characteristics of Brocas aphasia? (4)
Non-fluent speech
Impaired repetition
Poor ability to produce syntactically correct sentences
Intact comprehension
Characteristics of Wernickes aphasia? (8)
Problems in comprehending speech (input or reception of language)
Fluent meaningless speech
Paraphasias – errors in producing specific words
Semantic paraphasias – substituting words similar in meaning (“barn” –“house”)
Phonemic paraphasias – substituting words similar in sound (“house” –“mouse”)
Neologisms – non words (“galump”)
Poor repetition
Impairment in writing
What are Phonemic paraphasias
Phonemic paraphasias – substituting words similar in
What are Semantic paraphasias
Semantic paraphasias – substituting words similar in meaning (“barn” –“house”)
What are Neologisms
Neologisms – non words (“galump”)
What are paraphasias
Paraphasias – errors in producing specific words
which is anterior: Broca’s area or Wernicke’s area
Broca’s area
which is posterior: Broca’s are or Wernicke’s area
Wernicke’s area
Which part of the brain analyses speech to determine what was said?
Wenicke’s area (W-WHAT)
Which part of the brain forms a motor plan to repeat/respond to speech?
Broca’s area
What is executive functioning?
• The executive system processes novel situations outside the domain of some of our ‘automatic’ psychological processes.
Common Characteristics of Dysexecutive Syndrome? (8)
- Impulsivity
- Disinhibition
- Emotional bluntness
- Attentional problems
- Perseveration
- Inability to plan/manage goal-directed behaviour
- Copes with written instructions but not unstructured tasks
- Difficulty grasping complex or abstract ideas
