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Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Brain and Cranium > Flashcards

Brain and Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

Telecephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

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3
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

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5
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides frontal and parietal loves

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6
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Divides the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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7
Q

Lateral fissure

A

Divides the temporal from the frontal and parietal loves

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8
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

In front of the central sulcus
Part of the frontal lobe

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9
Q

Postcentral gyrus

A

Posterior to central sulcus
Part of parietal lobe

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10
Q

Gray matter

A

Composed of neural cell bodies
Make up the cortex

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11
Q

White matter

A

Composed of myelinated axons
Make up the corpus callosum

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12
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects and facilitates communication between right and left cerebral hemisphere

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13
Q

Cerebral peduncles

A

White matter tracts joining the midbrain to the cerebrum

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14
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncles

A

Connect pons to cerebellum

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15
Q

Vermis

A

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

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16
Q

Arbor vitae

A

White matter in the cerebellum

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17
Q

Folia

A

Gray matter in the cerebellum

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18
Q

Layers of the dura mater

A

Periosteal-closely adherent to the internal surface of the cranium
Meningeal later- deep to periosteal layer

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19
Q

Purpose of dura folds

A

To partition the cranial cavity and to support different parts of the brain

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20
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Located in longitudinal fissure
Continuous fold of tentorium cerebelli
Separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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21
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

Covers pituitary gland

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22
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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23
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

Extensions of arachnoid mater
Transfer CSF from subarachnoid space into venous blood

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24
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Extensions of pia mater
Site for CSF production

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25
Q

Lateral ventricles

A

First and second ventricle
Located within cerebral hemispheres

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26
Q

Third ventricle

A

Located within the diencephalon

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27
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Located between the brainstem and cerebellum
Exit foramina for CSF into subarachnoid space

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28
Q

Foramina

A

Channels that connect the ventricles

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29
Q

Interventricular foramina

A

Allow CSF to flow from lateral ventricles to third ventricle

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30
Q

Cerebral aqueduct

A

Located within the midbrain
Allows for CSF to flow from third ventricle into fourth ventricle

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31
Q

Order of CSF Circulation

A

Choroid plexus to ventricles
Lateral ventricle to third ventricle via interventricular foramina
Through cerebral aqueduct to the fourth ventricle
Flors into subarachnoid space via lateral and median apertures
Flows into superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid granulations

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32
Q

Dural sinus

A

Pathways for venous blood to travel
Ultimately drain into internal jugular vein

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33
Q

Superior and inferior saggital sinus

A

Sinuses located within falx cerebri

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34
Q

Straight sinus

A

Formed by the inferior saggital sinus and great cerebral vein
Point where falx cerebri meet tentorium cerebelli

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35
Q

Trasnverse sinus

A

Located within tentorium cerebelli
Extends laterally from straight sinus
Superior sagittal and straight sinus drain here

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36
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

Located within groove in occipital bone
Becomes internal jugular vein

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37
Q

Confluence of sinuses

A

Junction between superior sagittal, straight, and transverse sinuses

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38
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

Located within and surrounding sella turcica in the pituitary fossa
Surrounds pituitary gland, internal carotid artery, CN III, IV, VI, and V1-2

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39
Q

Intracranial venous circulation starting from superior sagittal sinus

A

Superior sagittal sinus  Confluence of sinuses  Transverse sinus  Sigmoid sinus  Internal jugular vein

40
Q

Intracranial venous circulation starting from inferior sagittal sinus

A

Inferior sagittal sinus  Straight sinus  Confluence of sinuses Transverse sinus  Sigmoid sinus  Internal jugular vein

41
Q

Intracranial venous circulation from cavernous sinus

A

Cavernous sinus  Sigmoid sinus  Internal jugular vein

42
Q

Circle of Willis

A

Anastomosis of vertebral and internal carotid systems around the base of the brain

43
Q

Arteries forming Circle of Willis

A

Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Posterior communicating arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries

44
Q

Origin of CN I

A

Telencephalon

45
Q

Origin of CN II

A

Diencephalon

46
Q

Origin of CN III & IV

A

Midbrain

47
Q

Origin of CN V-VIII

A

Pons

48
Q

Origin of CN IX-XII

A

Medulla

49
Q

Cranial nerves with sensory function

A

I, II, VII
Olfactory, Optic, Vestibulocochlear

50
Q

Cranial nerves with motor function

A

III, IV, VI, XI, XX
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal

51
Q

Cranial nerves with both motor and sensory function

A

V, VII, IX, X
Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus

52
Q

Olfactory foramina location

A

Ethmoid

53
Q

Olfactory foramina nerve

A

CN I

54
Q

Optic canal location

A

Sphenoid

55
Q

Optic canal nerve

A

CN II

56
Q

Superior orbital fissure location

A

Sphenoid

57
Q

Superior orbital fissure nerves

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI

58
Q

Foramen rotundum location

A

Sphenoid

59
Q

Foramen rotundum nerve

A

V2

60
Q

Foramen ovale location

A

Sphenoid

61
Q

Formane ovale nerve

A

V3

62
Q

Internal acoustic meatus location

A

Temporal

63
Q

Internal acoustic meatus nerves

A

CN VII and VIII

64
Q

Stylomastoid foramen location

A

Temporal

65
Q

Stylomastoid foramen nerve

A

Part of CN VII

66
Q

Jugular foramen location

A

Temporal and occipital

67
Q

Jugular foramen nerves

A

CN IX, X, XI

68
Q

Hypoglossal canal location

A

Occipital

69
Q

Hypoglossal canal nerves

A

CN XII

70
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory

71
Q

CN I Function

A

Special sensory
Sense of smell (olfaction)

72
Q

CN II

A

Optic

73
Q

CN II Function

A

Special sensory
Sense of vision

74
Q

CN VII

A

Vestibulocochlear

75
Q

CN VII Function

A

Special sensory
Hearing and balance

76
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor

77
Q

CN III Function

A

Somatic motor: motor to all extraocular muscles (most of eye movement)
Visceral motor: parasympathic to ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae

78
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear

79
Q

CN IV Function

A

Somatic motor
Motor to superior oblique muscle (eye looks at the nose)

80
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens

81
Q

CN VI Function

A

Somatic motor
Motor to lateral rectus muscle (abducts the eye)

82
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory (spinal)

83
Q

CN XI Function

A

Somatic motor
Motor to traps and SCM (shoulder shrug)

84
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal

85
Q

CN XII Function

A

Somatic motor
Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

86
Q

Division of CN V

A

V1- Ophthalmic
V2-Maxillary
V3- Mandibular

87
Q

Ophthalmic Function

A

Somatic Sensory
Sensory to skin, mucous membranes, conjunctiva, and cornea; forehead, nose, orbit

88
Q

Maxillary Function

A

Somatic sensory
Sensory to skin, mucous membranes of maxilla, nasal cavity, palate

89
Q

Mandibular Function

A

Somatic sensory and somatic motor
Motor to muscles of mastication. Sensory to skin and mucous membranes over mandible, oral cavity, anterior 2/3 tongue

90
Q

CN VI

A

Facial

91
Q

CN VII Function

A

Somatic sensory, special sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
Facial expression and taste

92
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

93
Q

CN IX Function

A

Somatic motor, visceral sensory, special sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
Taste, gag reflex

94
Q

CN X

A

Vagus

95
Q

CN X Function

A

Somatic sensory, visceral sensory, special sensory, somatic motor, visceral motor
Gag reflex, heart rate, digestion

Musculoskeletal Anatomy (18 decks)

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