brachial plexus and associated clinical

Question 1

what are the APRs of the brachial plexus

Answer 1

APRs c5,6,7,8,T1

Question 2

where are the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus found

Answer 2

supraclavicular bw the ant and middle scalene

Question 3

what aprs make the sup middle and inf trunks

Answer 3

sup- C5,6
middle- c7
inf- c8,T1

Question 4

if there is an increased angle bw the head and shoulder what trunk would be affected

Answer 4

superior trunk (causes waiters tip pos)

Question 5

what happens post to clavicle

Answer 5

bifurcation of each trunk into ant/post divisions

Question 6

what are the 3 ant/post divisions that make the cords

Answer 6

ant- of sup and middle (c5,6,7) (lateral cord)
Post- all c5-t1 (Post cord)
ant inf- c8-t1 (medial cord)

Question 7

terminal branches of lat cord

Answer 7

musculocutaneous n C5-7

lat root of median n C5-T1

Question 8

terminal branches of med cord

Answer 8

ulnar n (c8-t1)
medial root of median n (c5-t1)

Question 9

terminal branch of post cord

Answer 9

radial n c5-T1

Question 10

what are the supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus (from root 3 and from trunk 2)

Answer 10

From root-
Phrenic (c3-5)
Long thoracic (5-7)
Dorsal Scapular (c4-5)

From Trunk-
n to subclavius (5-6)
suprascap (5-6)

Question 11

what are the infraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus (from cords) 8

Answer 11

Upper subscap 5-6
lower subscap 5,6,7
Thoracodorsal c6-8
lat pectoral 5-7
med pec c8-t1
med cutaneous n of arm c8-t1
med cutaneous n of arm c8-t1
axillary c5-6

Question 12

when does the axillary a change to the brachial

Answer 12

lower border of teres maj

Question 13

where is the cords in relation to axillary artery (axillary 1,2,4

Answer 13

Axillary 1- all lat and sup
Axillary 2- medial becomes post
axillary 3- follows naming

Question 14

hypertonicity of the middle scalene can compress (3)

Answer 14

brachial plexus
long thoracic
dorsal scap

Question 15

increase pressure in transverse cervical or supra scapular artery can compass what leading to what

Answer 15

phrenic (or brachial plx) leading to difficulty breathing

Question 16

where can the suprascapular n get impinged and what is affected

Answer 16

runs under sup transverse lig but can be impinged by spinoglenoid cyst

will affect rotator cuff muscules (but not supraspinatus)

Question 17

what causes erbs-duchanne palsy/condition and when does it happen most commonly

Answer 17

injury can rupture or avulse sup trunk

(mc birth injury when shoulder and head is sepperated excessivelly

Question 18

what causes klumpkes paralysis and what is affected

Answer 18

increase in angle bw shoulder and trunk

inf trunk injury

Question 19

what nerves are affected in post cord injury and what does it cause

Answer 19

• caused by pressure of cross piece of crutch
• results in functional loss of extensors of arm, forarm hand producing Wrist drop

post cord or radian n

Question 20

What is afffected in Thoracic outlet syndrom and causes

Answer 20

brachial plexus (inf trunk, subclavian vessels/axillary vessels)

Abnormal insertion/hypertension of ant/middle scalene
cervical rib

Question 21

what is affected in pectoralis minor syndrome

Answer 21

a compression of the neurovascular bundle by the pec minor muscle
-can cause symptoms of paresthesia pain, weakness

Question 22

phrenic nerve injury refers pain where

Answer 22

C3-5 dermatome (over + below clavical, over the shoulder, ant arm and forearm