brachial plexus and associated clinical Flashcards
what are the APRs of the brachial plexus
APRs c5,6,7,8,T1
where are the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus found
supraclavicular bw the ant and middle scalene
what aprs make the sup middle and inf trunks
sup- C5,6
middle- c7
inf- c8,T1
if there is an increased angle bw the head and shoulder what trunk would be affected
superior trunk (causes waiters tip pos)
what happens post to clavicle
bifurcation of each trunk into ant/post divisions
what are the 3 ant/post divisions that make the cords
ant- of sup and middle (c5,6,7) (lateral cord)
Post- all c5-t1 (Post cord)
ant inf- c8-t1 (medial cord)
terminal branches of lat cord
musculocutaneous n C5-7
lat root of median n C5-T1
terminal branches of med cord
ulnar n (c8-t1) medial root of median n (c5-t1)
terminal branch of post cord
radial n c5-T1
what are the supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus (from root 3 and from trunk 2)
From root-
Phrenic (c3-5)
Long thoracic (5-7)
Dorsal Scapular (c4-5)
From Trunk-
n to subclavius (5-6)
suprascap (5-6)
what are the infraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus (from cords) 8
Upper subscap 5-6 lower subscap 5,6,7 Thoracodorsal c6-8 lat pectoral 5-7 med pec c8-t1 med cutaneous n of arm c8-t1 med cutaneous n of arm c8-t1 axillary c5-6
when does the axillary a change to the brachial
lower border of teres maj
where is the cords in relation to axillary artery (axillary 1,2,4
Axillary 1- all lat and sup
Axillary 2- medial becomes post
axillary 3- follows naming
hypertonicity of the middle scalene can compress (3)
brachial plexus
long thoracic
dorsal scap
increase pressure in transverse cervical or supra scapular artery can compass what leading to what
phrenic (or brachial plx) leading to difficulty breathing
where can the suprascapular n get impinged and what is affected
runs under sup transverse lig but can be impinged by spinoglenoid cyst
will affect rotator cuff muscules (but not supraspinatus)
what causes erbs-duchanne palsy/condition and when does it happen most commonly
injury can rupture or avulse sup trunk
(mc birth injury when shoulder and head is sepperated excessivelly
what causes klumpkes paralysis and what is affected
increase in angle bw shoulder and trunk
inf trunk injury
what nerves are affected in post cord injury and what does it cause
- caused by pressure of cross piece of crutch
- results in functional loss of extensors of arm, forarm hand producing Wrist drop
post cord or radian n
What is afffected in Thoracic outlet syndrom and causes
brachial plexus (inf trunk, subclavian vessels/axillary vessels)
Abnormal insertion/hypertension of ant/middle scalene
cervical rib
what is affected in pectoralis minor syndrome
a compression of the neurovascular bundle by the pec minor muscle
-can cause symptoms of paresthesia pain, weakness
phrenic nerve injury refers pain where
C3-5 dermatome (over + below clavical, over the shoulder, ant arm and forearm
