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Internal Medicine > BR: Nephrology > Flashcards

BR: Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

TBW %

A

60%

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2
Q

ICF/ECF

A

40/20%

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3
Q

Plasma/interstitial fluid

eCF

A

Plasma 5%
Interstitial fluid 15%

ECF 20%

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4
Q

Type of collagen of glomerular BM

A

Type IV

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5
Q

3 filtration barriers of gloemrulus

A
  1. Capillary endotheium
  2. Basement membrane
  3. Podocytes
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6
Q

Describe JG cells

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

  • at the walls of affferent arteriorles
  • secrete renin
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7
Q

Describe macula densa

A

In distal tubules
Monitor Na concentration in the lumen of DT (and consequently, blood pressure)
Secrete PGE2

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8
Q

Hormones produced in the kidneys

A
  1. Kinins
  2. 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol
  3. Erythropoietin
  4. Renin
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9
Q

The two diseases that cause tha largest prevalence of kidney dysfunciton are

A

DM and hypertension

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10
Q

Of those with dm, about ____ % will develop ckd

A

40%

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11
Q

What forms the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A
  1. Macula
  2. lacis cells
  3. Renin-secreting granular cells in the afferent aretriole
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12
Q

What are the cells of the collecting duct

A

Principal and Intercalated cells

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13
Q

Describe principal cells

A
  • predominate

- involved in Na reabs’n and ADH—stimulated water reabs’n

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14
Q

Describe intercalated cells

A
  • also found in distal tubules

- concerned with acid secretion and HCO- transport

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15
Q

Describe the Na-K-2Cl symport

A
  • found in the Thick Ascending Limb of Henle

- one of the basis for countercurrent multiplier

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16
Q

Where is macula densa found?

A

Early distal tubule

-aka “cortical diluting segment”

17
Q

Where are principal and intercalated cells found?

A

Late distal tubule

18
Q

Describe principal cels 2

A
  • reabsorb Na (and consequently water)

- secrete K

19
Q

Describe intercalated cells 2

A
  • reabsorb K

- secrete H

20
Q

Where is the site of action of aldosterone?

A

Late distal tubule (LDT)

21
Q

Where is the site of action of ADH?

A

Collecting duc

22
Q

MOA of ADH

A

Inc in AQP-2 channels

23
Q

Countercurrent multiplier vs exchange

A

Countercurrent mulitiplier

  • loop of henle
  • creates “graded osmolarity” in renal medulla

Countercurrent exchanger

  • vasa recta
  • preserves “graded osmolarity” in the renal medulla
24
Q

Renal bld flow is __% of cardiac output

A

25%

25
Q

Describe tubulo glomerular feedback

A

Increased fluid in MACULA DENSA —> constriction of nearby AFFERENT arteriole via ADENOSINE

If decreased fluid

  1. Constricts efferent via Angiotensin II
  2. Dilates afferent via Nitric oxide

Internal Medicine (13 decks)

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