#14: Heart Failure

Question 1

• Definition of acute heart failure

Answer 1

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 2

Epidemiology of heart failure

Answer 2

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 3

*etiopathogenesis of acute heart failure

Answer 3

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 4

Types of heart failure

Answer 4

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 5

Classification of ACUTE heart failure

Answer 5

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 6

What are common precipitants of AHF?

Answer 6

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 7

• Clinical manifestation of heart failure

Answer 7

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 8

Discuss the framingham criteria

Answer 8

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 9

Discuss NYHA classification

Answer 9

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 10

DDX for heart failure

Answer 10

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 11

Primary history

Answer 11

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 12

ROS

Answer 12

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 13

Tertiary history

Answer 13

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 14

PE

Answer 14

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 15

What is S3?

Answer 15

The third heart sound (S3) is a low-frequency, brief vibration occurring in early diastole at the end of the rapid diastolic filling period of the right or left ventricle

In young people and athletes it is a normal phenomenon. In older individuals it indicates the presence of congestive heart failure.

The presence of an S3 is the most sensitive indicator of ventricular dysfunction.

Any cause of a significant increase in the volume load on the ventricle(s) can cause an S3. Examples include valvular regurgitation, high-output states (anemia, pregnancy, arteriovenous fistula, or thyrotoxicosis), left-to-right intracardiac shunts, complete A-V block, renal failure, and volume overload from excessive fluids or blood transfusion.

Question 16

*How to diagnose heart failure?
Acute heart failure?
HFrEF?
HFpEF?

Answer 16

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 17

What to request?

Answer 17

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 18

Discuss POCUS

Answer 18

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 19

*How to treat HFpEF?

Answer 19

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 20

• How to treat HFrEF?

Answer 20

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 21

• How to treat hypertensive ACUTE heart failure

Answer 21

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 22

• How to treat normotensive heart failure?

Answer 22

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 23

Prognosis

Answer 23

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.

Question 24

Prevention of heart failure

Answer 24

We march to victory.
Or we march to defeat.
But we go forward.
Only forward.