BR: Nephrology 2

Question 1

What causes shift of K out of cells?

Answer 1

1. Insulin deficiency
2. B-adrenergic antagonists
3. Acidosis (exchange of extracellular H+ for intracellular K+)
4. Hyperosmolarity (water flows out of the cell, K+ diffuses out with water)
5. Inhibitors of Na-K pump (DIGITALIS)
   - when pump is blocked, K is not taken up into cells
6. Exercise
7. Cell lysis

Question 2

What cause shift of K into cells?

Answer 2

1. Insulin
2. Beta agonists
3. Alkalosis
   - exchange of intracellular H for extracellular K
4. Hyposmolarity
   - water flows into the cell, K diffuses in with water

Question 3

Describe K handling of tubules

Answer 3

• principal cells secrete K

- intercalated cells reabsorb K (active in low K diet)

Question 4

What can cause increased distal K secretion?

Answer 4

1. High K diet
2. Hyperaldosteronism
3. Alkalosis
4. thiazide diuretics
5. Loop diuretics
   6 Luminal anions

Question 5

Hyper vs hypo calcemia

Answer 5

Hyper Ca - can cause arrythmia
Hypo Ca - can cause tetany

Plasma Ca ~ 2.4 mEq/L

Question 6

What diuretics cause increased Ca reabs’n

Answer 6

Thiazides

Question 7

What diuretics cause decresed Ca reabsn

Answer 7

Loop diuretics