BPH Flashcards
1
Q
Common disease characterized by enlargement of prostate
A
BPH
2
Q
Common in men over the age of ___, and increases with age
A
40
3
Q
What races are most affected?
A
Americans/Europeans
4
Q
Risk factors for developing BPH (3)
A
Aging, intact testicular function, genetics
5
Q
Term meaning the increase in the number of cells
A
Hyperplasia
6
Q
Term meaning the enlargement of cells
A
Hypertrophy
7
Q
What hormone stimulates prostate growth?
A
DHT
8
Q
Testosterone is converted to DHT by which enzyme?
A
5alpha reductase
9
Q
Pathophysiology of BPH (3)
A
- Levels of 5alpha reductase and DHT stay (high) constant and aren’t decreasing
- Estrogen levels are increasing, which sensitize prostate to DHT
- Decreased apoptosis of prostate cells
10
Q
Pathway of obstructive BPH
A
- Prostate growth
- Urethral compression
- Increased resistance
- Weak urinary stream, increased time for urination
11
Q
Pathway of dynamic BPH
A
- Response of bladder to bladder outlet obstruction
- Detrusor hypertrophy & diverticula
- Incomplete emptying
- Increased urinary frequency and urgency
12
Q
True or false: Both dynamic and obstructive BPH can occur
A
True
13
Q
Eventually, detrusor muscle ______ and lower urinary tract symptoms become worse
A
Decompensates
14
Q
Clinical signs and symptoms of BPH
A
- Urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence hesitancy
- Nocturia, incomplete emptying
- Increased time to complete urination, straining
15
Q
Patient assessment techniques
A
- History and physical - IPSS questions, digital rectal exam (DRE), neurologic exam (rule out incontinence)
- Labs - urinalysis and culture (rule out UTI), SCr (kidney function), prostate specific antigen (PSA levels elevated in prostate cancer - rule out)
- Urodynamics - uroflowmetry, postvoid residual volume - measures if parts of LUT are dysfunctional
