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Chemistry Yr12 > BP - Solubility Trends - Functional Groups > Flashcards

BP - Solubility Trends - Functional Groups Flashcards

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1
Q

What is BP trend for alcohol

A

Large BP

BP increases with longer chain length due to more dispersion forces

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2
Q

What is solubility trend for alcohols

A

Short chain length soluble
Long chain length insoluble
Due to more dispersion forces for long chain lengths

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3
Q

What forces are present in alcohols

A

DF, dipole-dipole, HB

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4
Q

What is BP trend for aldehydes & ketones

A

Higher BP than alkanes/alkenes but lower BP than those that can form HB

Due to dipole-dipole being moderately strong

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5
Q

What is the solubility trend for short-chains of aldehydes and ketones

A

They are soluble as they can form HB with water but less soluble than alcohol as aldehydes & ketones cant form extra HB

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6
Q

What is the solubility trend for increasing chain length for aldehydes & ketones

A

Solubility decreases as carbon chain length increases

DF becomes too significant

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7
Q

What are the forces present in aldehydes & ketones

A

DF, dipole-dipole

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8
Q

What is the BP trend for carboxylic acid

A

Very high as it can form lots of HB

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9
Q

What is the solubility trend for carboxylic acid

A

Very high solubility as it can form lots of HB

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10
Q

What are the forces present in carboxylic acid

A

DF, dipole-dipole, HB

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11
Q

What is the BP trend for esters

A

Moderate BP due to dipole-dipole forces

It cannot form HB with other ester molecules

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12
Q

What is the solubility trend for esters

A

Similar solubility to aldehydes & ketones but less soluble than alcohols and carboxylic acids

Due to its strongest imf is dipole-dipole

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13
Q

What are the forces present in esters

A

DF, dipole-dipole

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14
Q

What is the BP trend for amines

A

High BP but lower BP than alcohols

Due to reduced strength of dipole-dipole forces and HBs because N is less electronegative than O so a weaker dipole is formed

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15
Q

What is the solubility trend for amines

A

Amines are soluble but less soluble than alcohols

Due to N being less electronegative than O

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16
Q

What are the forces present in amines

A

DF, dipole-dipole, HB

17
Q

What is the BP trend for amides

A

It has highest BP of all functional groups

Amides can form more HBs per molecule compared to carboxylic acids

18
Q

What is solubility trend for amides

A

Most soluble of all functional groups

More soluble than carboxylic acids because they can form more HBs per molecule with water

19
Q

What is the final LOWEST to HIGHEST BP and Solubility trend for all functional groups

A 
Aldehydes (LOWEST BP & SOLUBILITY)
Ketones
Esters
Amines
Alcohol
Carboxylic acids
Amides (HIGHEST BP & SOLUBILITY)
20
Q

What are the forces present in amides

A

DF, dipole-dipole, HB

Chemistry Yr12 (3 decks)

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