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Exam 4 > Bowel Elmination > Flashcards

Bowel Elmination Flashcards

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1
Q

of servings of fiber each day

A

5

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2
Q

2 positions for enemas

A

left side laying or knee- chest

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3
Q

4 types of bowel sounds

A

Normal
hyperactive
hypoactive
absent

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4
Q

a cathartic is a substance

A

that accelerates defecation

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5
Q

a colostomy close to the sigmoid colon will produce

A

solid feces.

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6
Q

A fiberoptic endoscope, a long, flexible tube with a light and lens, is introduced through the mouth and advanced for direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

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7
Q

a mixture of fiber, undigested food, shed epithelial cells, inorganic material (e.g., calcium and phosphates), bacteria, and water. Small amounts of fat may be present.

A

feces

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8
Q

A person can increase the pressure to expel feces by contracting the abdominal muscles (straining) while maintaining a closed airway (e.g., holding the breath). This is called the

A

Valsalva Maneuver

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9
Q

a response to infection or unusual foods.

A

Acute diarrhea

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10
Q

A rigid metal scope or a flexible fiber-optic scope is used to visualize the anal canal, rectum, and sigmoid colon.

A

Sigmoidoscopy

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11
Q

a surgical procedure that brings a portion of the colon through a surgical opening in the abdomen

A

colostomy

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12
Q

a surgically created opening for elimination of digestive waste products

A

a bowel diversion

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13
Q

are dilated blood vessels in the anal canal

A

hemorrhoids

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14
Q

are large-volume enemas. The volume causes intestinal distention and leads to rapid evacuation of stool.

A

Hypotonic and isotonic enemas

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15
Q

are usually smaller volume (2.5–4 oz or 70–120 mL). attracts water into the colon, causing distention and stimulating peristalsis and defecation.

A

Hypertonic enemas

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16
Q

As long as the person passes stools without excessive urgency (needing to rush to the toilet), with minimal effort and no straining, without blood loss, and without the use of laxatives, you can regard bowel function as

A

normal

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17
Q

Auscultate before

A

palpitation

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18
Q

Because most of the ______ is absorbed from the feces in the________, drainage at this level is ______ and continuous. The patient must wear an ostomy appliance at ____ times to collect the drainage.

A

water
large intestine
liquid
all

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19
Q

Bowel assessment includes

A

inspection, auscultation, palpation

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20
Q

brings a portion of the ileum through a surgical opening in the abdomen, bypassing the large intestine entirely.

A

ileostomy

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21
Q

broccoli, onions and beans can cause

A

gas

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22
Q

Bulking agents (laxatives) are

A

non-foods, high in fiber

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23
Q

Chronic constipation: lasts for

A

3 months and may persist for years

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24
Q

Chronic diarrhea: persists for

A

more than 1 month.

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25
Q

Chronic diarrhea: persists for

A

more than 1 month.

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26
Q

Chronic pressure on the veins within the anal canal, as with prolonged sitting or retained feces, can cause

A

hemorrhoids

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27
Q

Colonoscopy prep:

A

strong cathartic and laxative
clear liquid diet (no red or purple) 24048 hrs prior
NPO after midnight before exam

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28
Q

Direct visualization studies are_________procedures and are conducted by a gastroenterologist, who inserts various instruments (e.g., endoscopes) to examine the interior of the GI tract.

A

invasive

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29
Q

Direct visualization studies are_________procedures and are conducted by a gastroenterologist, who inserts various instruments (e.g., endoscopes) to examine the interior of the GI tract.

A

invasive

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30
Q

Encourage a daily intake of ___ to ___g of fiber to attract water into the stool, and promote peristalsis.

A

25 to 30

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31
Q

Enemas may be classified as

A
  • Cleansing
  • Retention
  • Return-flow (Harris flush)
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32
Q

external anal sphincters are

A

voluntary controlled (about the age of 3)

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33
Q

gives feces its brown color.

A

bile pigment

34
Q

Good fiber sources

A

fresh fruits and vegetables (especially raw), whole-grain foods, flaxseeds, popcorn, dried beans, peas, and legumes.

35
Q

how long to listen in a quadrant before determining absent bowl sounds

A

3-5 min (pp says 2 min)

36
Q

Identify the factors that affect bowel elimination.

A 
Age
• Stress
• Dietary intake
• Fluid intake • Activity
• Medications • Surgery
• Anesthesia
• Pregnancy
• Pathological conditions (e.g., food allergies and intolerances, diverticulosis, diverticulitis)
37
Q

If passage through the colon is slowed… More _____ is ________ from the feces and stool becomes

A

water
reabsorbed
dry and hard

38
Q

If transit time through the colon is faster than normal….._____ water is _______ and stools are

A

less
reabsorbed
watery

39
Q

in abdominal assessment, the order of the exam is

A

inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.

40
Q

Indirect visualization studies are ________ views of the lower GI tract

A

radiographic (x-rays)

41
Q

Internal anal sphincter are

A

involuntary controlled

42
Q

is the presence of a hardened, dry, fecal mass in the rectum.

A

Fecal impaction

43
Q

is useful in detecting lower GI disease. It is also often used for cancer screening instead of a sigmoidoscopy, because it provides better visualization of the colon. This is the preferred test for clients with suspected problems above the level of the sigmoid colon.

A

colonoscopy

44
Q

kock pouch is a _________ ileostomy because it allows the patient to ________

A

continent

drain the pouch several times a day and not have to wear a bag

45
Q

large intestine also known as the

A

colon

46
Q

live in the cecum. They come to the anal area to deposit eggs during the night and migrate back up through the rectum during the day.

A

pinworms

47
Q

low-fiber foods ______ peristalsis

A

slow

48
Q

Medications that cause constipation

A

opioids
antacids
iron

49
Q

Medications that cause constipation

A

opioids
antacids
iron
diuretics

50
Q

Medications that cause diarrhea

A

antibiotics

too much laxatives

51
Q

Minimum fluid intake for healthy bowl function

A

6-8 8oz glasses (1500, 2000 ml)

52
Q

Names of some bulking agents

A

Metamucil, citrucel, FiberCon

53
Q

Normal bowel sounds are (description) and how many should you hear

A

high pitched

5-15 gurgles per min

54
Q

Occult blood is

A

not seen (hidden)

55
Q

occurrence of intestinal blockage in the absence of an actual physical obstruction

A

Paralytic ileus

56
Q

potential complications of direct visualizations:

A

perforation

57
Q

Prevention measures for C-diff

A

hand hygiene - soap and water
PPE
Killing spores on surfaces

58
Q

Promoting healthy defecation

A

regular schedule for eating
adequate fiber intake
fluids
activity

59
Q

Provides direct visualization of the rectum, colon, entire large intestine, and distal small bowel.

A

Fiber-Optic Colonoscopy

60
Q

reabsorption of water from chyme in the large intestine results in a semisolid mass known as

A

feces

61
Q

small sac-like pouches in the mucosa, in which fecal matter becomes trapped

A

Diverticulosis

62
Q

small sac-like pouches in the mucosa, in which fecal matter becomes trapped and can be caused by

A

Diverticulosis

low fiber diet

63
Q

Tape for pinworms is used to assess presence of _______. Done in the _______

A

eggs

morning

64
Q

The closer the colostomy is to the ascending colon and the ileocecal valve (between the small and large intestine)

A

the more liquid and continuous the drainage will be.

65
Q

The effluent, also called

A

fecal matter

66
Q

The ileum joins the

A

small and large intestine

67
Q

the introduction of solution into the rectum to soften feces and distend or irritate the colon, in order to stimulate peristalsis and evacuation of feces.

A

enema

68
Q

The location of the colostomy determines

A

the consistency of the feces eliminated as well as the need to wear an ostomy appliance

69
Q

The process by which the bowel eliminates waste is called

A

defecation

70
Q

The______ in the bowel the colostomy is placed (i.e., the closer to the rectum and anus), the more ______ the effluent.

A

lower

solid

71
Q

Total bilirubin lab value

A

0.1 - 1.0

72
Q

Treatment for D-diff

A

depends on on strain but antibiotics and in severe stool transplant

73
Q

type of surgery done to remove part of your large intestine called your colon. Once the affected part is removed, the remaining ends are joined together

A

hemicolectomy

74
Q

Valsalva Maneuver cautioned in clients with ____, ____, ____ or because it can do what?

A

heart disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound

increases pressure within the abdominal cavity, raises blood pressure, and is associated with an increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias.

75
Q

What are the major functions of the large intestine?

A

absorption of water, vitamins, and minerals.

76
Q

What are the major functions of the small intestine

A

digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fat, and protein.

77
Q

what do bulking agents do or fiber in general….

A

attracts fluid into the colon, and the increased bulk of the stool stimulates the urge to evacuate

78
Q

What does a healthy stoma look like?

A

colored from deep pink to brick red regardless of skin color and is shiny and moist at all times. The stoma will protrude above the level of the abdomen by approximately 0.5 to 1.0 inches.

79
Q

what does yogurt do to peristalsis

A

stimulates and promotes healing of intestinal infections

80
Q

What type of of OTC laxative is best at providing relief of constipation among older adults

A

Bulking agents

81
Q

Why is skin care around a stoma so important?

A

essential to prevent skin breakdown, which may lead to infection, discomfort, and leakage of ostomy output from around the appliance.

82
Q

_________ drugs are not used for acute diarrhea

A

antidiarrheal - because you want it out

Exam 4 (14 decks)

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