bowel diseases Flashcards
ibs
=common disorder that affects the GI tract
caused by: muscle contractions in the intestine, nervous system issues, severe infection, early life stress, Changes in gut microbes
triggers: food (including wheat, dairy products, citrus fruits, beans, cabbage, milk and carbonated drinks) and stress
symptoms: Abdominal pain, cramping or bloating that is related to passing a bowel movement, Changes in appearance of bowel movement, Changes in how often you are having a bowel movement
risk factors: people under 50, female, family history of IBS, anxiety, depression or other mental health issues
patho: a condition of visceral hypersensitivity (leading to abdominal discomfort or pain) and gastrointestinal motor disturbances (leading to diarrhea or constipation)Evidence for subtle inflammatory bowel disease, serotonin dysregulation, bacterial overgrowth and central dysregulation continue to accumulate. The underlying causes of IBS remain to be adequately identified, but IBS-PI is a clear-cut entity. Furthermore, a genetic contribution to IBS also seems likely
crohns
=type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where part(s) of the gut become swollen, inflamed, and ulcerated. Crohn’s is characterised by periods of remission and exacerbation
caused by: unknown. may be caused by a combination of environmental, immune, and bacterial factors in genetically susceptible individuals
patho: armless bacteria are mistaken for foreign invaders and the immune system starts an immune response. The inflammation in the GI tract does not go away as the immune response does not stop. This leads to chronic inflammation, ulceration, thickening of the intestinal wall, and eventually symptoms of Crohn’s disease.
pop: most often diagnosed in adolescents and adults between 15 and 35 years old. More common among those of Eastern European backgrounds
risk factors: genetics, Caucasian or Jewish descent. Living in a developed country, Northern climates, Smoking, Antibiotics, Contraceptive pill
s&s: iarrhoea (Which may come on suddenly), stomach aches and cramps (Most often in the lower-right part of the stomach, blood in faeces, fatigue, weight loss
ulcerative colitis
=long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed
caused by: unknown. possibly immune system malfunction, hereditary
risk factors: before 30, white- of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, family history
s&s: Diarrhea, often with blood or pus, Rectal bleeding — passing small amount of blood with stool, Abdominal pain and cramping, Rectal pain, Urgency to defecate, Inability to defecate despite urgency, Weight loss, Fatigue, Fever, In children, failure to grow
patho: involves defects in the epithelial barrier, immune response, leukocyte recruitment, and microflora of the colon.
