Bovine Nutrition and Metabolism 7

Question 1

What is the role of copper in the body?

Answer 1

O2 metabolism/transport
Enzyme systems

Question 2

List four clinical signs of copper deficiency

Answer 2

Ill thrift
Poor coat condition (spectacles)
Chronic scour
Poor fertility

Question 3

List five ways to diagnose copper deficiency

Answer 3

Blood copper levels
Abnormal metabolites in the blood
Liver biopsies/samples from slaughter
Feed/soil analyses
Response to treatment

Question 4

What is the role of selenium and Vitamin E in the body?

Answer 4

Powerful antioxidant
Immune function

Question 5

List three clinical signs of selenium and vitamin E deficiency in cattle

Answer 5

RFM
Increased risk of masitits and metritis
White muscle disease/sudden death in young

Question 6

How would you diagnose selenium and vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 6

Blood GSH-PX

Question 7

How would you treat selenium and vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 7

Inclusion in feed/boluses/injections

Question 8

What is the role of iodine in the body?

Answer 8

Thyroid hormones
Control of basal metabolic rate

Question 9

What are the clinical signs of iodine deficiency?

Answer 9

Deficiency in pregnant cattle
Still birth
Sick and weakly calves that do not thrive

Question 10

How would you diagnose iodine deficiency?

Answer 10

Plasma inorganic I2 (PII) or T4
PME of still born calves (weight of thyroid)

Question 11

How would you treat iodine deficiency in cattle?

Answer 11

Feed inclusion/pour-on

Question 12

List three key targets in body condition scoring

Answer 12

2.5-3.0 at calving
No change during dry period
Maximum 0.5 reduction from calving to peak yield

Question 13

List three aims of faecal consistency in cattle.

Answer 13

Semisolid with indentation
Slow hand clap
Consistency within the group

Question 14

List three things that whole undigested grain may mean in faeces.

Answer 14

Poor gut function
Rapid transit times
Inadequate grain processing

Question 15

List three things that whole undigested grain may mean in faeces.

Answer 15

Poor gut function
Rapid transit times
Inadequate grain processing

Question 16

When is the peak milk yield of cattle andwhat percentage does it drop per week?

Answer 16

Peak yield - 8-12 weeks
Drop <2.5% per week

Question 17

How will NEBAL and fat mobilisation affect the milk constituents?

Answer 17

NEBAL: Reduction in milk protein (MP)
Fat mobilisation: Increase in milk butterfat

Question 18

List two methods to raise butterfat in milk

Answer 18

Increase peNDF
C16 protected fats

Question 19

List two methods of raising protein in milk

Answer 19

Improve energy balance
Protected methionine

Question 20

List two ways that metabolic profiles will measure energy.

Answer 20

B hydroxy butyrate
Non-esterified fatty acids

Question 21

List three ways that metabolic profiles will measure protein in the body

Answer 21

Urea
Albumin
Globulin

Question 22

List 6 methods of measure liver function in cattle

Answer 22

Albumin
AST
GGT
GLDH
Haptoglobulin
Total protein