Bovine Nutrition and Metabolism 7 Flashcards
What is the role of copper in the body?
O2 metabolism/transport
Enzyme systems
List four clinical signs of copper deficiency
Ill thrift
Poor coat condition (spectacles)
Chronic scour
Poor fertility
List five ways to diagnose copper deficiency
Blood copper levels
Abnormal metabolites in the blood
Liver biopsies/samples from slaughter
Feed/soil analyses
Response to treatment
What is the role of selenium and Vitamin E in the body?
Powerful antioxidant
Immune function
List three clinical signs of selenium and vitamin E deficiency in cattle
RFM
Increased risk of masitits and metritis
White muscle disease/sudden death in young
How would you diagnose selenium and vitamin E deficiency?
Blood GSH-PX
How would you treat selenium and vitamin E deficiency?
Inclusion in feed/boluses/injections
What is the role of iodine in the body?
Thyroid hormones
Control of basal metabolic rate
What are the clinical signs of iodine deficiency?
Deficiency in pregnant cattle
Still birth
Sick and weakly calves that do not thrive
How would you diagnose iodine deficiency?
Plasma inorganic I2 (PII) or T4
PME of still born calves (weight of thyroid)
How would you treat iodine deficiency in cattle?
Feed inclusion/pour-on
List three key targets in body condition scoring
2.5-3.0 at calving
No change during dry period
Maximum 0.5 reduction from calving to peak yield
List three aims of faecal consistency in cattle.
Semisolid with indentation
Slow hand clap
Consistency within the group
List three things that whole undigested grain may mean in faeces.
Poor gut function
Rapid transit times
Inadequate grain processing
List three things that whole undigested grain may mean in faeces.
Poor gut function
Rapid transit times
Inadequate grain processing
When is the peak milk yield of cattle andwhat percentage does it drop per week?
Peak yield - 8-12 weeks
Drop <2.5% per week
How will NEBAL and fat mobilisation affect the milk constituents?
NEBAL: Reduction in milk protein (MP)
Fat mobilisation: Increase in milk butterfat
List two methods to raise butterfat in milk
Increase peNDF
C16 protected fats
List two methods of raising protein in milk
Improve energy balance
Protected methionine
List two ways that metabolic profiles will measure energy.
B hydroxy butyrate
Non-esterified fatty acids
List three ways that metabolic profiles will measure protein in the body
Urea
Albumin
Globulin
List 6 methods of measure liver function in cattle
Albumin
AST
GGT
GLDH
Haptoglobulin
Total protein
