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Therio Midterm > Bovine Andrology > Flashcards

Bovine Andrology Flashcards

1
Q

bull requirements for reproductive success

A
  • physically sound and in good health
  • functional reproductive system
  • have strong libido and fertile spermatozoa
  • free of venereal diseases
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2
Q

bull selection

A
  • how many?
    • bull to cow ratio 1:25
  • what kind?
    • age, breed, type
  • buy virgin bulls
    • at least 60 d before breeding season
    • disease free
    • allow time to adjust to ration
  • traits
    • conformation, color, temperament, longevity, price
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3
Q

BSE of bull

A
  • identification and history
    • identification of owner and bull
    • history of bull
  • physical examination
  • reproductive examination
  • collection and examination of semen
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4
Q

physical exam of bull for BSE

A
  • structural soundness
  • BCS
  • eyes
  • feet/legs
  • wounds, physical defects
  • generalized disease
  • rectal exam of internal genitalia
  • external genitalia
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5
Q

assessing accessory sex glands

A
  • palpating per rectum
  • seminal vesicles (vesicular glands)
  • ampulla
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral glands
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6
Q

accessory sex glands

A
  • lobulated
  • 2-3 fingers long
  • width of index finger
  • movable
  • check for size, consistency
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7
Q

seminal vesiculitis

A
  • only frequently diagnosed disease of bovine accessory sex glands
  • diagnosed by palpation per rectum and by precipitate and cells in semen
  • very pronounced seminal vesicles
    • can’t discern lobulation
    • sometimes adherence
  • unsatisfactory to breed (usually)
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8
Q

etiology of seminal vesiculitis

A
  • more common in bulls housed in groups
  • A. pyogenes (most common)
  • Brucella abortus
  • H. somni, Mycobacterium sp.
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9
Q

abnormalities of penis and prepuce

A
  • fibropapilloma
  • persistent frenulum
  • hematoma
  • prolapsed prepuce
  • skin separation
  • laceration
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10
Q

fibropapilloma

A
  • warts and papillomas of penis are common in bulls of all ages
    • more common in young bulls
  • most mild cases clear after excision
  • lidocaine then excision
  • poxviruses
  • unsatisfactory
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11
Q

corkscrew penis

A
  • S shaped deviation
  • unsatisfactory
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12
Q

penile hematoma

A
  • break in tunica albuginea of penis with escape of blood from corpus cavernosum into surrounding tissues
  • edema in front of testicles
  • preputial prolapse usually follows
  • unsatisfactory
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13
Q

prolapse of prepuce

A
  • most common in Bos indicus breeds with pendulous prepuce
  • injury to preputial tissue with edema
  • sequel to hematoma of the penis
  • congenital preputial abnormality
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14
Q

treatment of preputial prolapse

A
  • surgical intervention
  • sling
    • control edema, abx solvent
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15
Q

scrotal circumference

A
  • scrotal circumference, testicular size, and sperm production are highly correlated in bulls up to 3 years of age
  • directly indicates testicular size and sperm production
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16
Q

benefits of bull with large scrotal circumference

A
  • earlier puberty in daughters and sons
  • reduced probability that bulls suffering from testicular hypoplasia or degeneration will be mixed with breeding herd
  • in litter-bearing animals
    • sires selected for testicular growth produce daughters with more active ovaries
17
Q

evaluation of sperm morphology

A
  • standard microscopy of stained smears
  • typically negative stain
18
Q

what is the minimum recommended threshold for sperm morphology to be considered normal?

A

70% normal

19
Q

classification of breeding potential

A
  • satisfactory
  • unsatisfactory
  • deferred
20
Q

satisfactory

A
  • equals or surpasses the minimum thresholds
    • scrotal circumference
    • sperm motility
    • sperm morphoogy
  • does not show genetic, infectious or other problems or faults which could compromise breeding or fertility
21
Q

unsatisfactory

A
  • below one or more thresholds
    • highly unlikely to ever improve
  • bulls which show genetic faults or irrevocable physical problems (including infectious disease) which would compromise breeding or fertility
22
Q

deferred

A
  • bulls which do not fit into satisfactory or unsatisfactory categories
    • which may benefit from a retest
  • bulls which are substandard but have the capability to improve
  • suggested re-examination date

Therio Midterm (8 decks)

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