Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

leapmed botany > botany rev 3 - PT 1 > Flashcards

botany rev 3 - PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

:
o An irreversible increase in volume due to the
division and enlargement of cells.

A

Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when an organ reaches a certain size and then stops growing.

A

Determinate growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when cells continue to divide indefinitely.

A

Indeterminate growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false

▪ Plants in general have indeterminate growth.

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

:
o Progression from earlier to later stages in
maturation

A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

It is the process whereby tissues, organs, and
whole plants are produced. o Involves growth, morphogenesis (the acquisition of form and structure), and differentiation.

A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The interactions of the environment and the genetic instructions inherited by the cells determine how the plant develops.

A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

: process in which cells develop different forms adapted to specific functions such as conduction, support, or secretion of special substances

A

Differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

: “master growth regulator”

It is the main hormones responsible for cell
elongation in phototropism and gravitropism

A

Auxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ (inhibition of lateral bud formation) is triggered by auxins produced in the
apical meristem.

A

Apical dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ is used as a rooting hormone to
promote growth of roots on cuttings and detached
leaves.

A

Synthetic auxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“stem, fruit, and seed growth”

A group of about 125 closely related plant hormones

A

Gibberellins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stimulate shoot elongation, seed germination,
and fruit and flower maturation.

A

Gibberellins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Break dormancy (a state of inhibited growth and
development) in the seeds of plants that require
exposure to cold or light to germinate.

A

Gibberellins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

o Delay senescence (aging) in leaves and fruit

A

Gibberellins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stimulate differentiation of the meristem in shoots
and roots.

A

Cytokinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

: “cell division”

o Delay senescence (aging) in leaf tissues

o Promote mitosis (cell division)

A

Cytokinins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Initiates production of compounds, such as jasmonic acid

A

Systemin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

: “anti-herbivory”

o It is distributed systemically in the plant body upon production, activates plant responses to wounds from herbivores.

A

Systemin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“immune response”

o Regulate responses to infection by parasites or
pathogens.

A

Methyl Salicylate (MeSa):

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

growth promoters (5)

A

auxins

gibberellins

cytokinins

systemin

methyl salicylate (MeSa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

“dormancy”

o Causes the abscission (dropping) leaves.
Accumulates as a response to stressful environmental conditions, such as dehydration, cold temperatures, or shortened day length

A

Abscisic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Inhibits stem elongation, induces dormancy in lateral buds and seeds, and closes stomata in drought conditions.

A

Abscisic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Regulates the short-term drought response: low soil moisture causes an increase in ABA, which causes stomata to close, reducing water loss.

A

Abscisic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

“aging”

o Promotes fruit ripening, flower wilting, and leaf
fall.

A

Ethylene gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It is unusual as a hormone because it is a volatile
gas (C2H4). o Aging tissues (especially older leaves) and nodes of stems produce ethylene.

A

Ethylene gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

growth inhibitors (2)

A

abscisic acid

ethylene gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

other plant movements that take place spontaneously, without any external stimuli.

A

SPONTANEOUS (AUTONOMIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

facilitates the progress of the growing plant tip through the soil. can be seen in the Legume Family where they exhibit slow oscillating movement from side to side

A

Nodding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

: When flattened plant organs, such as leaves or flower petals, first expand from buds, they characteristically alternate in bending down and then up as the cells in the upper and lower parts of the leaf alternate in enlarging faster than those in the opposite parts.

A

Nastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

These movements occur when cells in the stems of climbing plants, such as morning glory, elongate to differing extents, causing visible spiraling in growth.

A

Twining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

: spiraling movement displayed by most plant organs as they grow

A

Nutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

_____ roots pull plants deeper into the ground

A

Contractile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Movements of the whole plant body or of an organ within the plant cell which occur in responses to inherent factors and are not free and spontaneous.

true or false

A

false

Movements of the whole plant body or of an organ within the plant cell which occur in responses to inherent factors and ARE free and spontaneous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Growth movements, which occur in response to unidirectional external stimuli & result in positioning of the plant part in the direction of the stimulus

A

TROPIC MOVEMENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

growth movement that is relative to light.

A

Phototropism:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

a growth movement toward light.

A

Positive phototropism

32
Q

a growth movement away from light.

A

Negative phototropism

33
Q

: growth responses to the stimulus of gravity.

A

Gravitropism

34
Q

: a plant or a plant part response to contact with a solid object. It is commonly seen in the coiling of the tendrils and the twining of climbing plant stems.

A

Thigmotropism

35
Q

: growth movement towards water. This can be observed when roots often enter cracked water pipes.

A

Hydrotropism

36
Q

*: tropic response to chemicals

A

Chemotropism

37
Q

*: tropic response to temperature

A

Thermotropism

37
Q

*: tropic response to electricity

A

Electrotropism

38
Q

*: tropic response to wounding

A

Traumotropism

39
Q

*: tropic response to darkness

A

Skototropism

40
Q

*: tropic response to oxygen

A

Aerotropism

41
Q

THREE PHASES OF TROPISM

A

initial perception phase

transduction

asymmetric growth

42
Q

, the organ receives a greater stimulus on one side.

A

Initial perception phase

42
Q

, during which one or more hormones become unevenly distributed across the organ.

A

Transduction

43
Q

occurs as a result of greater cell elongation on one side.

A

Asymmetric growth

44
Q
  • Movements of locomotion, which are induced by some unidirectional external stimuli.
  • Their direction is controlled by the direction of the stimulus.
A

TACTIC MOVEMENT

45
Q

*: response to unidirectional light.

A

Phototactic

46
Q

*: response to certain chemicals

A

Chemotactic

47
Q
  • The movement can be due to changes in turgor or changes in growth
A

NASTIC MOVEMENT

47
Q

: response to certain unidirectional
temperature stimulus.

A

Thermotactic

48
Q

:
▪ If these movement when induced by change in
temperature intensity.
▪ Examples: Tulip and Saffron (Crocus)

A

Thermonastic

48
Q

response to day and light and thus are also known
as sleep movement.

A

Nyctinasty

49
Q

*: response to some chemical stimulus

A

Chemonasty

49
Q

:
▪ If these movement when induced by change in
light intensity.
▪ Examples: Flowers of Oxalis, Portulaca,
Nicotiana, Oenothera etc.

A

Photonastic

50
Q

*: response to shock by a touch stimulus

A

Seismonasty

51
Q
  • A response of plants to the duration of night.
A

photoperiodism

52
Q

This type of natural phenomenon was first discovered and identified by Charles Darwin and his son Francis in the year 1880.

A

photoperiodism

53
Q

: the relative length of day and night.

A

Photoperiod

54
Q
  • movement that involves either the entire plant or its reproductive cells. In response to a stimulus, the cell or organism, either propelled or pushed by flagella (whiplike appendages) or cilia (short, whiplike appendages), moves toward or away from the source of the stimulus. In contrast to tropism, in which a plant grows toward or away from a stimulus, taxis requires motility.
A

TAXIC MOVEMENTS

54
Q

o Require more exposure to light

A

long day plants

55
Q

o Require less exposure to light

A

Short Day Plants

56
Q

Flowering occur irrespective of the day lengths

A

Day Neutral Plants

57
Q
  • result from changes in internal water pressures and are often, but not always, initiated by contact with objects outside of the plant.
A

TURGOR MOVEMENTS

58
Q

: plants that require moderate amount of water

A

Mesophyte

59
Q

: plants that require small amount of water (cactus)

A

Xerophyte

59
Q

: plants that lives in watery and salty environment (mangroves)

A

Halophyte

60
Q

: plants that require large amount of water (water lilies)

A

Hydrophyte

61
Q

: plants that are rooted on the ground

A

Terrestrial

62
Q

plants that are attached to another plant as a commensal or a parasite.

A

Aerial or Epiphyte:

62
Q

*: plants that live in watery areas

A

Aquatic

63
Q

:
o Plants that live for two years or two growing
seasons.

A

Biennial

63
Q

:
o Plants that live only for a year or completes the
vegetative and reproductive cycle in one
growing season.

A

Annual

64
Q

: gene forms for a certain trait (curly or straight allele)

A

Alleles

64
Q

:
o Plants that live for several years

A

Perennial

65
Q

: having two different alleles for a certain trait; half-bred (Cc)

A

Heterozygous

65
Q

: having two of the same allele; purebred (CC for two curly allele cc for two straight allele)

A

Homozygous

66
Q

*: basic unit of heredity

A

Gene

67
Q

masked gene

A

recessive allele

68
Q

set of observable physical chracterisitcs

A

phenotype

68
Q

expressed gene

A

dominant alleles

69
Q

o Mendel’s third law of inheritance.

o During the production of gametes, two copies of
each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring
acquire one factor from each parent.

A

Law of segregation:

69
Q

actual gene composition

A

genotype

70
Q

a simple representation of patterns of inheritance of alleles. It also helps predict the probability that a particular genotype will be inherited.

A

Punnett square:

70
Q

o Mendel’s second law of inheritance o A pair of trait segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation. As the individual heredity factors assort independently, different traits get equal opportunity to occur together.

A

Law of independent assortment:

71
Q

THREE LAWS OF MENDELIAN GENETICS

A

law of segregation

law of independent assortment

law of dominance

72
Q

o Mendel’s first law of inheritance.

o Hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in
the phenotype.

A

Law of dominance:

leapmed botany (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions