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leapmed botany > botany rev. 1 - PT 1 > Flashcards

botany rev. 1 - PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular plants are also known as _________, which means tube plants

A

tracheophytes

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2
Q

Plants with vascular system

A

vascular plants

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3
Q

▪ Carries water and minerals to the leaves
▪ Consists of dead cells that lack end walls
between adjacent cells.

A

Xylem:

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4
Q

The side walls are thick and reinforced with
lignin to be stiff and waterproof.

A

Xylem:

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5
Q

▪ Conducts food from leaves to all parts of the
plant

A

Phloem:

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6
Q

Consists of living cells that are separated by
end walls with tiny perforations

A

Phloem:

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6
Q

Seedless and flowerless plant
Plants that reproduce by spores
They have roots stems and fronds

A

PTERIDOPHYTES

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7
Q

They are the most primitive.

The stem is photosynthetic and dichotomously
branched

A

Psilopsida

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7
Q

ferns, horsetail, lycophytes (club mosses) are examples of……

A

PTERIDOPHYTES

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8
Q

PTERIDOPHYTES CLASSIFICATION

(4)

A

Psilopsida
Lycopsida
Sphenopsida
Pteropsida

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9
Q

o Aka club moss.
o Well-differentiated plant body with adventitious
root, stem, rhizophores, and leaves.

A

Lycopsida

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10
Q

Rhizoids are present.

o Leaves are mostly absent.

o The sporophyte is homosporous synangium. o Examples: Psilotum and Tmesipteris.

A

Psilopsida

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11
Q

o The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous.

o Examples- Selaginella, Lycopodium.

A

Lycopsida

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12
Q

o Aka as horsetail.
o Well-differentiated plant body with roots arising
from nodes of the underground rhizome, stem,
and scaly leaves.

A

Sphenopsida

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13
Q

o Homosporous, sporangia are borne on strobili.

o Examples: Equisetum.

A

Sphenopsida

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14
Q

o Aka fern.

o Well-differentiated plant body with roots, stem, and leaves.

A

Pteropsida

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15
Q

The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous.

o Antherozoids are multiflagellate.

o Examples: Pteris, Dryopteris, Adiantum

A

Pteropsida

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16
Q

o Aka seed plant, phanerogam, or phaenogam

o Seed-bearing plants

o They do not use spores for reproduction

A

Spermatophyte

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17
Q

(2) SPERMATOPHYTE CLASSIFICATION

A

gymnosperms

angiosperms

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18
Q

o “Naked seed”
o Reproduce by making naked seeds on cone scales or leaves.

A

Gymnosperms

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19
Q

o Cycads, allies, and conifers (means “cone
bearing”)
o Example: pine trees

A

Gymnosperms

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20
Q

o “Vessel” and “seed.

o Reproduce by making seeds that are enclosed in

o Flowering plants

A

Angiosperms

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21
Q

All angiosperms are vascular plants

true or false

A

true

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22
Q

All gymnosperms are vascular plants

true or false

A

true

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23
Q

gymnosperms seeds are enclosed in ovary in fruit or flower. angiosperms are not enclosed

true false
false true
true true
false false

A

false false

angiosperms seeds are enclosed in ovary in fruit or flower. gymnosperms are not enclosed

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24
Q

All land angiosperms are plants

All gymnosperms are land plants

true false
true true
false true
false false

A

true true

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24
Q

gymnosperms and angiosperms reproduce through ____.

A

seeds

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25
Q

gymnosperms and angiosperms are what type of cell

A

eukaryotic

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25
Q

Rely on pollinators (usually animals) as well as on wind/water

A

angiosperms

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26
Q

woodtype

angiosperms :
gymnosperms:

A

angiosperms : hardwood
gymnosperms: softwood

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27
Q

Rely almost solely on wind

A

gymnosperms

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28
Q

angiosperms have needle like leaves. gymnosperms have flat leaves

true false
false true
true true
false false

A

false false

gymnosperms have needle like leaves. angiosperms have flat leaves

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29
Q

The first leaf/leaves to appear is called _______.

A

cotyledon

30
Q

Seasonal:
Evergreen:

A

Seasonal: angio
Evergreen: gymno

31
Q

two groups of angiosperms

A

monocots and discots

32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The number of the first leaves present in the embryo of a seed plant classifies flowering plants.

A

TRUE

33
Q

Angiosperm Vascular bundles:

scattered throughout stem

A

monocots

34
Q

Angiosperm Vascular bundles:

arranged in ring in stem

A

dicots

35
Q

Angiosperm seed leaves:

one ctoyledon

A

monocot

36
Q

Angiosperm seed leaves:

two ctoyledon

A

dicot

37
Q

Angiosperm flower parts:

multiples of three

A

monocots

38
Q

Angiosperm flower parts:

multiples of four or five

A

dicot

38
Q

Angiosperm roots:

fibrous root system

A

Angiosperm roots:

tap root system

39
Q

Angiosperm mature leaves:

narrow leaves and parallel veins

A

monocot

40
Q

Angiosperm mature leaves:

broad leaves and branching veins

A

dicot

40
Q

o Plants that do not have xylem and phloem

o Reproduce by spores

A

Non-vascular plants

41
Q

o This tissue does not contain lignin and so it is not considered true vascular tissue

A

Non-vascular plants

42
Q

Generally small plants limited in size by poor transport methods for water, gases, and other compounds.

A

Non-vascular plants

43
Q

NON-VASCULAR PLANTS CLASSIFICATION

A

bryophytes

moss

liverworts

43
Q

o Includes the mosses, hornworts, and liverworts.

▪ The 3 groups share several adaptations but are all genetically vastly different.

o (Mostly mosses) have no roots, stems, nor leaves (compare pteridophytes)

A

Bryophytes

43
Q

o Larger than animal vacuoles o Function/s:
▪ Sustain turgid pressure against the cell wall
▪ Storage for food

A

Central Vacuole:

44
Q

Eukaryotic cells with a true nucleus along with specialized structures called organelles that carry out certain specific functions

A

plant cell

45
Q

o Small plants that produce spores for reproduction

A

Moss

45
Q

o Primitive group of plants and many plants grow only a single layer of cells.

o Split into leafy liverworts and thalloid liverworts.

A

Liverworts

46
Q

2 parts of Central Vacuole:

A

tonoplast and cell sap

47
Q

2 parts of Central Vacuole:
: a membrane that surrounds central
vacuole.

A

Tonoplast

48
Q

2 parts of Central Vacuole:
: a mixture of salts, enzymes, and other
substances.

A

Cell sap

48
Q

o Semipermeable outermost layer of a plant cell
o Rigid layer which is composed of cellulose,
glycoproteins, lignin, pectin, and hemicellulose.
o Comprises proteins, polysaccharides, and
cellulose.

A

Cell wall:

49
Q

Function/s:
▪ Protect and provide structural support to the cell
▪ Filters the molecules passing in and out of the cell

A

Cell wall:

50
Q

Allows plant cells to regulate oxygen, sugar, enzymes, waste products etc

A
  • Cell Membrane:
51
Q

Semi-permeable membrane

o Composed of a thin layer of protein and fat.

A
  • Cell Membrane:
52
Q

o Smallest membrane-bound organelles which comprise RNA and protein.

o Function/s: sites for protein synthesis or protein factories of the cell.

A

Ribosomes

53
Q

o Found in all eukaryotic cells

o Function/s: distributing synthesized
macromolecules (e.g., Lipids) to various parts of the
cell.

A

Golgi bodies:

54
Q

o Membrane-bound structure that is present only in eukaryotic cells

o Function/s: stores DNA for cell division, metabolism
and growth

A

Nucleus:

55
Q

: contains the organelles enclosed by the cell membrane (excluding nucleus); cytosol: aqueous
component of cytoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

56
Q

: manufactures cell’s protein-producing
structures and ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

57
Q

: Nuclear membrane is perforated with
holes called nucleopore that allows proteins and nucleic acids to pass through.

A

Nucleopore

57
Q

:
o Double-membraned organelles

o Found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells

o Function/s: “ATP production,” provide energy by breaking down carbohydrate and sugar molecules

A

Mitochondria

58
Q

o membrane-bound organelles that have their own
DNA.

o Function/s: store starch, to carry out the process of
photosynthesis for the formation of the building blocks of the cell.

A

Plastids

59
Q

3 types of plastids

A

leucoplasts
chloroplasts
chromoplasts

60
Q

An elongated organelle enclosed by
phospholipid membrane.

▪ Shaped like a disc and the stroma is the fluid within the chloroplast

  • comprises a circular DNA.
A

o Chloroplasts

61
Q

:
▪ Found in non-photosynthetic tissues of plants.
▪ Function/s: storage of protein, lipid and starch.

A

Leucoplasts

62
Q

Each chloroplast contains a green colored pigment called _____ required for the process of photosynthesis.

A

chlorophyll

63
Q

: absorbs light energy from the
sun and uses it to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

A

Chlorophyll

64
Q

o Function/s: cellular waste disposal by digesting worn-out organelles, food particles and foreign bodies in the cell.

A

Lysosome

64
Q

o Suicidal bags as they hold digestive enzymes in an enclosed membrane.

A

Lysosome

64
Q
  • The reproductive part of a plant.
  • Involves in reproduction but are also a source of food for other living organisms.
  • A rich source of nectar.
A

flower

64
Q

▪ Heterogeneous, colored plastid

▪ Function/s: pigment synthesis and storage in photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms.

▪ _____ have red-, orange- and yellow- colored pigments

A

Chromoplasts

65
Q

flowers can either be:

A

complete and incomplete

66
Q

▪ Consists of sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil.
▪ Consists of vegetative part and reproductive
Part

A

Complete flower

leapmed botany (6 decks)

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