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Utah State Master Gardener > Botany > Flashcards

Botany Flashcards

1
Q

Botany is the science of…

A

plant life and growth.

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2
Q

Agronomy is the field of…

A

crop production.

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3
Q

Horticulture is the study of…

A

Intensively grown plants.

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4
Q

Gardening is part of…

A

horticulture.

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5
Q

Botanists group plants…

A

systematically.

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6
Q

All living organisms are classified and named with…

A

the binomial nomenclature system.

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7
Q

The binomial system identifies each plant by…

A

genus and specific epithet.

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8
Q

A ‘variety’ identifies a plant that…

A

has a unique characteristic from the rest of their species.

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9
Q

‘Cultivar’ is a contraction of…

A

cultivated variety.

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10
Q

A plant that is a cross of different species is a…

A

hybrid.

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11
Q

A plant that has vascular bundles scattered in the stem is…

A

a monocot.

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12
Q

A plant that has flower parts in multiples of 3 is…

A

a monocot.

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13
Q

A plant that has vascular bundles in a circular pattern or joined into a ring is…

A

a dicot.

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14
Q

A plant that has flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 is…

A

a dicot.

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15
Q

A plant that has leaf venation parallel is…

A

a monocot.

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16
Q

A plant that has leaf venation branched is…

A

a dicot.

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17
Q

A plant that has seedlings with 1 seed leaf is…

A

a monocot.

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18
Q

A plant that has seedlings with 2 seed leaves is…

A

a dicot.

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19
Q

A characteristic used to ID plants is whether the leaves are…

A

simple or compound.

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20
Q

Simple leaves are composed of…

A

one flattened blade.

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21
Q

Compound leaves are composed of…

A

two or more leaflets located along the leaf petiole.

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22
Q

An auxiliary bud is located…

A

at the junction of the leaf petiole and the stem.

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23
Q

The 3 categories of compound leaves are…

A

pinnately, bipinnately, and palmately.

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24
Q

The inner structure of a stem cross-section…

A

shows the vascular section.

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25
Q

The vascular portion of a stem supports…

A

growth and development.

26
Q

The outer layer of the stem is called…

A

the epidermis.

27
Q

Phloem tissue…

A

translocates carbohydrates made by the plant.

28
Q

Xylem tissue…

A

distributes water and minerals absorbed by the roots.

29
Q

Cambium tissue…

A

is a single layer of cells where growth occurs.

30
Q

A tree grows in diameter from…

A

the cambium layer.

31
Q

Stem elongation occurs at…

A

the terminal bud.

32
Q

If a terminal bud is pruned off or damaged…

A

lateral buds grow, which produces a “bushy” appearance.

33
Q

Flowers are a part of what plant system?

A

The reproductive structure of the plant.

34
Q

Angiosperms may be either monocots or dicots. How do you determine which they are?

A

Monocots have flower parts in multiples of 3, while dicots have petals and sepals in multiples of 4 or 5.

35
Q

What constitutes the ‘female’ flower parts?

A

The stigma, style, and ovary are the ‘pistil’.

36
Q

The female flower parts, together, are called…

A

the pistil.

37
Q

The male flower parts, together, are called…

A

the stamen.

38
Q

What constitutes the ‘male’ flower parts?

A

the anther and filament.

39
Q

A perfect flower contains…

A

both male and female parts.

40
Q

An imperfect flower contains…

A

either male or female parts, but not both.

41
Q

Monoecious plants have…

A

both male and female flowers on the same plant.

42
Q

Dioecious plants have…

A

male and female flowers on separate plants.

43
Q

Inflorescence is…

A

the way a cluster of individual flowers is arranged.

44
Q

Plants for several categories of fruit called…

A

simple, aggregate, and multiple.

45
Q

A peach is what category of fruit?

A

A simple fruit.

46
Q

Define: simple fruit.

A

A single fruit from a single ovary.

47
Q

Define an aggregate fruit.

A

Fruit that form from flowers with many pistils on a common corolla.

48
Q

Define an multiple fruit.

A

The fruit from separate but closely massed flowers.

49
Q

Roots are vital for what purposes?

A

They anchor the plant and its supporting structure, absorb and distribute water and minerals, store food from photosynthesis.

50
Q

Photosynthesis uses which 3 components?

A

Light, Water, & Carbon dioxide.

51
Q

Photosynthesis provides…

A

food that the plant can use.

52
Q

Respiration is…

A

oxidation or breakdown of stored food to release energy.

53
Q

Respiration is the opposite of…

A

photosynthesis.

54
Q

Respiration requires…

A

oxygen.

55
Q

Transpiration does what?

A

It moves water and minerals from the roots, moves food and other chemicals throughout the plant, and cools the plant by evaporation.

56
Q

Light provides energy to the plant to…

A

enable photosynthesis to make food for the plant.

57
Q

What is the difference between the USDA zones and the Sunset zones?

A

USDA zone maps tell where a plant will survive. Sunset zone maps tell where a plant will thrive.

58
Q

Name 4 types of leaf classifications.

A

scale-like, broad leaf, needle-like, compound,

59
Q

Name 3 types of plants with modified stems.

A

Bulbs (onion), Rhizomes (salt grass), & Spurs (apple).

60
Q

What do mycorrhizae do?

A

Increase the surface absorption area for water

and nutrients.

61
Q

What is the site on the stem called where leaves arise?

A

Lateral buds.

Utah State Master Gardener (7 decks)

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