Botany Flashcards
Botany is the science of…
plant life and growth.
Agronomy is the field of…
crop production.
Horticulture is the study of…
Intensively grown plants.
Gardening is part of…
horticulture.
Botanists group plants…
systematically.
All living organisms are classified and named with…
the binomial nomenclature system.
The binomial system identifies each plant by…
genus and specific epithet.
A ‘variety’ identifies a plant that…
has a unique characteristic from the rest of their species.
‘Cultivar’ is a contraction of…
cultivated variety.
A plant that is a cross of different species is a…
hybrid.
A plant that has vascular bundles scattered in the stem is…
a monocot.
A plant that has flower parts in multiples of 3 is…
a monocot.
A plant that has vascular bundles in a circular pattern or joined into a ring is…
a dicot.
A plant that has flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 is…
a dicot.
A plant that has leaf venation parallel is…
a monocot.
A plant that has leaf venation branched is…
a dicot.
A plant that has seedlings with 1 seed leaf is…
a monocot.
A plant that has seedlings with 2 seed leaves is…
a dicot.
A characteristic used to ID plants is whether the leaves are…
simple or compound.
Simple leaves are composed of…
one flattened blade.
Compound leaves are composed of…
two or more leaflets located along the leaf petiole.
An auxiliary bud is located…
at the junction of the leaf petiole and the stem.
The 3 categories of compound leaves are…
pinnately, bipinnately, and palmately.
The inner structure of a stem cross-section…
shows the vascular section.
The vascular portion of a stem supports…
growth and development.
The outer layer of the stem is called…
the epidermis.
Phloem tissue…
translocates carbohydrates made by the plant.
Xylem tissue…
distributes water and minerals absorbed by the roots.
Cambium tissue…
is a single layer of cells where growth occurs.
A tree grows in diameter from…
the cambium layer.
Stem elongation occurs at…
the terminal bud.
If a terminal bud is pruned off or damaged…
lateral buds grow, which produces a “bushy” appearance.
Flowers are a part of what plant system?
The reproductive structure of the plant.
Angiosperms may be either monocots or dicots. How do you determine which they are?
Monocots have flower parts in multiples of 3, while dicots have petals and sepals in multiples of 4 or 5.
What constitutes the ‘female’ flower parts?
The stigma, style, and ovary are the ‘pistil’.
The female flower parts, together, are called…
the pistil.
The male flower parts, together, are called…
the stamen.
What constitutes the ‘male’ flower parts?
the anther and filament.
A perfect flower contains…
both male and female parts.
An imperfect flower contains…
either male or female parts, but not both.
Monoecious plants have…
both male and female flowers on the same plant.
Dioecious plants have…
male and female flowers on separate plants.
Inflorescence is…
the way a cluster of individual flowers is arranged.
Plants for several categories of fruit called…
simple, aggregate, and multiple.
A peach is what category of fruit?
A simple fruit.
Define: simple fruit.
A single fruit from a single ovary.
Define an aggregate fruit.
Fruit that form from flowers with many pistils on a common corolla.
Define an multiple fruit.
The fruit from separate but closely massed flowers.
Roots are vital for what purposes?
They anchor the plant and its supporting structure, absorb and distribute water and minerals, store food from photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis uses which 3 components?
Light, Water, & Carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis provides…
food that the plant can use.
Respiration is…
oxidation or breakdown of stored food to release energy.
Respiration is the opposite of…
photosynthesis.
Respiration requires…
oxygen.
Transpiration does what?
It moves water and minerals from the roots, moves food and other chemicals throughout the plant, and cools the plant by evaporation.
Light provides energy to the plant to…
enable photosynthesis to make food for the plant.
What is the difference between the USDA zones and the Sunset zones?
USDA zone maps tell where a plant will survive. Sunset zone maps tell where a plant will thrive.
Name 4 types of leaf classifications.
scale-like, broad leaf, needle-like, compound,
Name 3 types of plants with modified stems.
Bulbs (onion), Rhizomes (salt grass), & Spurs (apple).
What do mycorrhizae do?
Increase the surface absorption area for water
and nutrients.
What is the site on the stem called where leaves arise?
Lateral buds.
