Botany 1

Question 1

Angiosperm

Answer 1

Plant that form seeds within a fruit (“vessel”)

Most sophisticated of plant forms

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Obtain energy/building materials by photosynthesis

Question 3

Reproductive Structures

Answer 3

Male, female, or both sexes (eg flowers, cones)

Question 4

Meristems

Answer 4

Growing point. Spot where cells actively divide.

Question 5

Alkaloid

Answer 5

Examples include quinine, nicotine, morphine, etc.

Question 6

Tannin

Answer 6

Protect immature fruits from predators.

Question 7

Gymnosperm

Answer 7

Plants whose seeds are “bare”

Question 8

Angiosperm

Answer 8

Flowering plants

Question 9

Phytotoxins

Answer 9

Plant byproducts which are poisonous to animals.

Question 10

Auxin

Answer 10

Hormone which stimulates cell elongation. Found especially near stem and root tips. Also involved with Phototropism, Gravitropism, apical dominance, and root development.

Question 11

Vascular

Answer 11

Relating to vessel or vessels

Question 12

Gibberellin

Answer 12

Hormone that:
•Promotes stem internode lengthening, cell elongation.
•Induces seed germination
•Flowering and fruit development

Question 13

Geotropism/Gravitropism

Answer 13

Branches and roots reaction to gravity. Most roots poz geotropic, most stems neg geotropic.

Question 14

Thigmotropism

Answer 14

Responding to touch/solid objects.
•Causes vines to twine around solid objects
•May stop growing in response to touch
•Seedlings will grow around a rock
•Believed to be associated with ethylene

Question 15

Nastic movements

Answer 15

Visible movement as plants grows, unrelated to external stimuli (like tropisms)

Question 16

Senescence

Answer 16

Ripening process of aging. Irriversible. Similar to leaves falling off (abscission “to cut off”).

Question 17

Cytokinin

Answer 17

•Hormone which inhibits senescence (aging process). •Controls cell division and differentiation.

Question 18

Senescence promoting substances

Answer 18

Ethylene gas and abscisic acid.

Question 19

Petiole

Answer 19

Stalk attaching leaf blade to the stem

Question 20

Xylem

Answer 20

One of two types of transport tissues in vascular plants. Responsible for carrying water and some nutrients.

Question 21

Phloem

Answer 21

Innermost layer of bark. Transports nutrients.

Question 22

Apical dominance

Answer 22

As long as apical buds are present, they suppress growth of auxiliary buds.

Question 23

Vernalization

Answer 23

Process of change induced by extended period of cool temperature.

Question 24

Florigen

Answer 24

Flowering hormone

Question 25

Cotyledon

Answer 25

Seed leaf

Question 26

Monocot

Answer 26

Species with one cotyledon (embryonic leaf).

Question 27

Dicots

Answer 27

Species with two embryonic leaves

Question 28

Tropisms

Answer 28

Permanent, directional growth in response to external stimuli.

Question 29

Photosynthesis

Answer 29

``` 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Produces sugars from light energy • Stores energy • Occurs only in cells with chloroplasts • Releases oxygen • Uses: water, carbon dioxide • Requires light ```

Question 30

Respiration

Answer 30

``` C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy • Burns sugar for energy • Releases energy • Occurs in most cells • Uses oxygen • Produces: water, carbon dioxide • Occurs in dark and light ```

Question 31

Four major parts of plants

Answer 31

*  Roots *  Leaves *  Reproductive structures *  Stems

Question 32

Four major crops of economic importance

Answer 32

*  Wheat *  Maize *  Soybean *  Potato

Question 33

Photosynthesis and respiration can be affected by

Answer 33

*  Temperature *  Radiant energy (light) *  Air circulation & relative humidity *  Soil factors (temperature, aeration, nutrients, pH)

Question 34

Abscisic acid

Answer 34

*  Inhibits growth *  Closes stomata *  Promotes dormancy *  Delays flowering

Question 35

Ethylene gas

Answer 35

*  Promotes fruit ripening *  Promotes abscission (death of tissue) *  Inhibits flowering *  Sex expression in monoecious species (gender ratio) *  Thigmomorphogevesis (reduce stem elongation in some environments)

Question 36

Thermoperiod

Answer 36

"Daily temperature change"

Question 37

Role of water

Answer 37

*  Maintains turgor *  Aids in cell division and growth *  Required in photosynthesis *  Stabilizes plant temperatures *  Move food around in plants *  Transports minerals in plants

Question 38

Dioecious

Answer 38

Distinct male and female individual organisms or colonies

Question 39

Monoecious

Answer 39

Have pistillate and staminate flowers on the same plant.