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Micro II > Bordetella > Flashcards

Bordetella Flashcards

1
Q

General characteristics of Bordatella

A
  • Fam: Pateurellaceae
  • GNCB
  • Oxidase pos
  • 3 human pathogens (1 animal + 2 humans)
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2
Q

Epidemiology/Pathogenesis of Bordetella pertussis

A
  • Whooping cough
  • Humans are only known reservoir
  • Vaccinate!
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3
Q

What is the mode of transmission? (Bordetella pertussis)

A

Person to person

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

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4
Q

Name virulence factors of B.pertussis

A
  • Adhesions (binds and paralyzes beating cilia)
  • Toxicity (Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin)
  • Outer membrane
  • Siderophore production (limits iron)
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5
Q

Factors affecting B.pertussis infection.

A

Age, previous immunization/infection, passively acquired antibody, antibiotic treatment.

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of whooping cough?

A

Catarrhal - mild cold sympt, lasts several weeks

Paroxysmal - severe + violent coughing, lasts 2-4 weeks

Convalescent - lymphocytosis, no fever or signs/symptoms, lasts 1-4 weeks

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7
Q

What 2 organisms can cause whooping cough?

A

B. pertussis and B. parapertussis

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8
Q

What is the epidemiology of B. bronchiseptica?

A
  • Not NF of humans

- Normal NF of mammals such as dogs, cats and rabbits

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9
Q

Mode of transmission of B. bronchiseptica?

A

Exposure to respiratory droplets, close contact to infected animals

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10
Q

What are the virulence factors of B. bronchiseptica?

A

Low virulence in humans, several factors similar to B. parapertussis

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11
Q

B. bronchiseptica; spectrum of disease?

A

Opportunistic infections, some uncommon infections are: pneumonia, bacteremia, UTI, meningitis and endocarditis

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12
Q

How and when is a Bordetella specimen collected?

A
  • Collect early in illness (sensitivity lost after 2 week symptoms)
  • Nasopharyngeal aspirate or swab (x2)
  • Swabs must be made of calcium alginate or Dacron/Rayon (PCR) for culture (NOT COTTON)
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13
Q

How do you transport a Bordetella specimen?

A
  • Innoculate immediately to selective media at bedside
  • Use transport medium: Regan-Lowe, cold casein hydrolysate, casamino acid broth
  • Dry swabs for PCR
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14
Q

Describe DFA (Direct Fluorescent Antibody)

A
    • Polyclonal antibodies against both species or separate monoclonal reagents against each species.
  • Limited sensitivity/ variable specificity
  • Always done with a culture
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15
Q

Describe Nucleic acid amplification. (PCR)

A
  • Sensitivity as good as culture
  • DNA detected up to 4 wks after symptoms.
  • Must be correlated w/ symptoms to ID species.
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16
Q

What media is used for B. parapertussis?

A
  • BA, CHOC (after 2-4 days)
  • MAC - NLF
  • Grows best on enrichment media
17
Q

What media is used for B. bronchiseptica?

A
  • BA, CHOC (after 1-2 days)

- MAC - NLF

18
Q

Enrichment/ selective media for Bordetella spp.?

A
  • Bordet-Gengou agar
  • Regan-Lowe agar
  • Stainer Scholte synthetic medium
19
Q

What is in Bordet-Gengou agar?

A
  • Potato glycerol based (source of starch)
  • Glycerol agar base is stabilizing agent
  • 15-20% sheep blood (enrichment)
  • Methicillin (inhibits contaminants)
20
Q

What is in Regan-Lowe agar?

A
  • Charcoal agar w/ 10% horse blood
  • Beef extract, starch, casein digest
  • Cephalexin (inhibits GP NF’s
  • Amphotericin B (optional)
  • Enriched and selective
21
Q

What are the incubation requirements of Bordetella spp.?

A

35-37 C in O2 (NO CO2!), humidified
pertussis 3-6 days
parapertussis 2-3 days

22
Q

How can you differentiate B. pertussis from B. parapertussis?, rule out Haempophilus sp.?

A

B. pertussis is:
Ox-pos, urea-neg

B. parapertussis is:
Ox-neg, urea-pos

BaSS rules out Haem spp.

23
Q

AMS for B. bronchiseptica?

A

No definitive guide
MAY be sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin or quinolones

Likely resistant to beta-lactamase, penicillins and cephalosporines, Mostly resistant to SXT

24
Q

AMS for B. pertussis & B. parapertussis?

A

Erythromycin, newer macrolides, ketolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, SXT

Micro II (6 decks)

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