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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

What region makes more wine than Bordeaux?

A

Only the Languedoc

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2
Q

What is the largest AOC/AOP region in France?

A

Bordeaux (although it is not the largest winegrowing region)

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3
Q

What did the Dutch contribute to Bordeaux

A

complex drainage channels that made it suitable for viticulture in the mid 1600’s

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4
Q

What is a Courtier?

A

Broker of wine

  • supply châteaux with financial backing while taking control over trade
  • maintain authority today
  • responsible for en primeur sales (futures)
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5
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritine

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6
Q

What are the moderating influences of Bordeaux?

A

Atlantic Ocean and Gironde estuary

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7
Q

What is the climate near St-Émilion and Pomerol?

A

More continental than maritime - rain is worry at harvest

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8
Q

When is grey rot likely to take hold?

A

Cooler years

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9
Q

What can springtime frost lead to in Bordeaux?

A

Coulure - From alternating hot/cold or dry/wet - Vine moves sap past embryos to make new shoots, leads to partially formed berries eventually dry up and drop to the ground

Millerandage - bunches contain berries of greatly differing size and levels of maturity. Caused by cool weather during flowering

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10
Q

What is the Bordeaux mixture?

A

Lime, copper sulfate, water

used to prevent fungal problems

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11
Q

What is clairet?

A

darker more aromatic style of rose in Bordeaux

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12
Q

6 grapes allowed in BDX red wines?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmènere
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13
Q

What is the most planted grape in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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14
Q

What is the earliest grape to ripen in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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15
Q

What are the preferred soils for:

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc?

A

Merlot - clay-based soils
-delay its natural vigor

Cabernet Sauvignon - well-drained gravel

  • allows the vine’s root system to dig deeply
  • water stress adds concentration to the fruit

Cabernet Franc - limestone-based soils
-promote acidity and freshness

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16
Q

What are the typical blends of Left Bank and Right bank?

A

Left:
2/3 Cab Sauv, the rest merlot, cab franc,others

Right:
3/4 Merlot, 1/4 Cab Franc

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17
Q

What is Malbec known as on the right bank?

A

Pressac

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18
Q

What 3 white grapes dominate white wines of Bordeaux AOP? What other white grapes are found but are limited to max 30%

A

Sémillon, Sauv B, Muscadelle

Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard

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19
Q

What is a barrique?

A

225-L barrel used in Bordeaux

same size as rioja!

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20
Q

What is Bordeaux Superiore AOP?

A

For reds and off-dry whites with higher min alcohol

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21
Q

How long is the left bank?

A

50 mile stretch North from the City of Bordeaux

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22
Q

What is jalles?

A

Drainage channels in Bordeaux

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23
Q

What color must AOP wines in Médoc be?

A

red

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24
Q

Which is broader, Haut-Médoc or Médoc?

A

Médoc - encompasses Haut-Médoc, usually less quality from marshy area north of St Estéphe, more merlot

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25
What is a croupe?
Gravel mound on left bank of BDX, best chateaux usually located upon them
26
Most important communes of Haut-Médoc?
``` North to South Saint-Estéphe Pauillac St. Julien Listrac-Médoc Moulis-en-Médoc Margaux ```
27
Who commissioned the 1855 Classification of Bordeaux
Emperor Napoleon III | -carried out by courtiers
28
What is the only property that classified in 1855 that was not from Médoc?
Château Haut-Brion in Graves
29
When did Château Mouton-Rothschild get elevated from 2nd to 1st growth?
1973 - only significant change to classification
30
Define Cru Artisan
Cru Artisan - formally recognized in 2002 - From the 2005 vintage forward - 44 producers (must be smaller than 5 ha) - exceptional producers without the financing or apparatus of large-scale operations - reviewed every ten years
31
Define Cru Bourgeois
-introduced in 1932 -3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel Cru Bourgeois Supérieur Cru Bourgeois. - not official until 2003, many lost status - legal action nullified the entire classification -reinstated for the 2008 vintage, but the higher designations of Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur were eliminated - 2018 new legislation passed to reinstate the previously eliminated terms. - Starting in 2018 châteaux may once again apply for Cru Bourgeois, Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, and Cru Bourgeois Supérieur - The terms will appear on labels in 2020 - reviewed every 5 years
32
What is the northernmost commune in Haut-Médoc?
St-Estèphe AOP
33
Describe wines of St-Estèphe AOP
- sturdy, full bodied - higher percentage merlot due to more clay - no 1st growths - Cos d'Estournel = "super 2nd"
34
Describe wines of Pauillac AOP
-Considered classic claret -gravel topsoil is deepest of Haut-Médoc -structured, long-lived wines based on CS -Three 1st growths: Lafite-Rothschild, Latour, Mouton-Rothschild
35
Describe wines of St. Julien AOP
- elegant style - less wine produced, but great quality - no 1st growths - Leoville Las Cases and Ducru-Beaucaillou "super 2nds"
36
What two Haut-Médoc appellations have no classified growths?
Moulis-en-Médoc and Listrac-Médoc
37
Most famous estate in Moulis-en-Médoc?
Château Chasse-Spleen
38
What is the largest communal appellation of Haut-Médoc
Margaux
39
Describe wines of Margaux AOP
- diversity of soil types - sandy gravel over limestone in Margaux itself, shallower croupes than St-Julien or Pauillac - more classified growths than any other commune (21) - feminine, floral, finessed wines
40
5 villages of Margaux
``` Cantenac Labarde Arsac Margaux Soussans ```
41
Soil of Graves?
boulbenes - mixture of sand, gravel and light clay Similar to Médoc but sandier in the south
42
When were wines first classified in Graves?
1953, with 6 additions in 1959
43
When did Château La Tour Haut-Brion and Château Laville Haut-Brion produce its last vintage?
2005 and 2008, respectively both provide fruit for Château La Mission Haut-Brion
44
When was communal sub-region of Pessac-Léognan created?
1987 - became prestige appellation for both red and dry white wines
45
What is the AOP for sweet wine throughout Graves?
Graves Supérieur AOP
46
What are the three main sweet wine appellations within Graves?
Cérons Barsac Sauternes
47
What is pourriture noble
Botrytis cinerea
48
What two rives does Sauternes lie at the conflux of?
Ciron, Garonne rivers mist blows off Ciron and encounters warmer waters of Garonne, producing autumn afternoon humidity perfect for botrytis
49
What is the only Permier Cru Supérieur?
Château d'Yquem
50
What vintages did Yquem not make wine?
``` 1910 1915 1930 1951 1952 1964 1972 1974 1992 2012 ```
51
Great Yquem vintages?
``` 1947 1959 1967 1983 1986 1988 1990 1995 1997 2001 2003 ```
52
Best three Yquem vintages of last ~20 years
'95, '97, '01, '03
53
Last two vintages Yquem did not make wine
2012, 1992
54
5 Villages of Sauternes
``` Barsac Bommes Fargues Preignac Sauternes ```
55
Min must weight of Sauternes
221 g/L
56
Min RS of Sauternes
45 g/L
57
Who makes Crème de Tête?
Château Gilette - ages sauternes for decades in concrete
58
What is the cepage of Château Figeac in St-Émilion?
35% Cab Sauv, 35% Cab Franc, 30% Merlot | more like Medoc wines
59
St-Émilion soil
broadly categorized into two types: côtes - steep limestone slopes graves - gravelly limestone plateau resembling soils of the Médoc
60
What is the three-tier ranking in St-Émilion? When was it first created? When was the last revision?
St-Émilion Premiers Grands Crus Classés A St-Émilion Premiers Grands Crus Classés B St-Émilion Grands Crus Classés 1st created 1954 (published 1955) 2012 was the last revision, conducted by INAO
61
What is St-Émilion Grands Cru AOP
An appellation (not classification) - require +0.5% alcohol - longer elevage
62
How large is Pomerol AOP?
Tiny - 5 sq miles
63
Soil of Pomerol
Sand, clay, gravel, wibsoil of iron pan and rich clay (Crasse de fer)
64
Where is Château Pétrus located?
Pomerol - Merlot based
65
What is Cab franc called in Pomerol?
Bouchet
66
Best properties in Pomerol?
``` Château Pétrus Vieux-Château-Certan Château Lafleur Château Le Pin Château Trotanoy ```
67
Name 3 garagistas or "microchâteau"
Le Pin - Pomerol Valandraud and La Mondotte - St-Émilion
68
Where are the oldest cultivated vineyards in Bordeaux found?
Bourg and Côtes de Bourg AOPs
69
What style is Cotes de Blaye AOP known for?
Dry whites with large percentage of ugni blanc and colombard
70
What area of origin might be listed on Côtes de Bordeaux?
Francs, Castillon, Blaye, Cadillac, Sainte Foy
71
What style is made in Entre-Deux-Mers AOP
"Between two seas" (garonne and Dordogne river) | dry white
72
What style of wine found in Loupiac, Ste-Croix-du-Mont, and Cadillac
Sweet wine with or without Botryis
73
What style of wine made in Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
sweet
74
Name 1st growths of Medoc
``` Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac Château Latour, Pauillac Château Margaux, Margaux (Margaux) Château Haut-Brion, Graves Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac: Originally classified as a second growth, the estate was elevated in 1973. ```
75
Name Deuxièmes Crus of Saint-Estèphe
Château Cos d'Estournel | Château Montrose
76
Name Deuxièmes Crus of Pauillac
Château Pichon Longueville Baron | Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
77
Name Deuxièmes Crus of Saint-Julien
``` Château Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien Château Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien Château Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien Château Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien ```
78
Name Deuxièmes Crus of Margaux
Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux (Margaux) Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux (Margaux) Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux (Margaux) Château Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux) Château Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
79
Name Troisièmes Crus of Saint-Estèphe
Château Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe
80
Name Troisièmes Crus of Saint-Julien
Château Lagrange, Saint-Julien | Château Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien
81
Name Troisièmes Crus of Margaux
Château Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux Château Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac) Château Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux) Château Marquis d'Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux) Château Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac) Château d'Issan, Margaux (Cantenac) Château Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac) Château Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac) Château Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac) Château Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)
82
Name Troisièmes Crus of Haut-Médoc
Château La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)

France - SD (11 decks)

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