Bordeaux Flashcards
What percentage of France’s total vineyards are in Bordeaux?
14%
How far does the Bordeaux area stretch inland?
130km
What are the 2 rivers and estuary which run through Bordeaux?
Garrone River
Dordogne River
Gironde Estuary
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
Maritime
What is the average rainfall in the Medoc annually?
950mm
What 3 risks does rain cause for Bordeaux?
It can interrupt flowering
It encourages rot
It swells berries before harvest, diluting the final wine
What is the impact of the Atlantic Gulf Stream on Bordeaux’s climate?
Gulf Stream brings warm water up from the Caribbean keeping the climate mild despite being on the sea
What are the 6 grape varieties authorised for Bordeaux AOP?
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenere
What are the top 3 red grapes of Bordeaux, and how much of Bordeaux’s red plantings do they take up?
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
99% of red platings
What are the 7 authorised white grapes of Bordeaux?
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle
Sauvignon Gris
Ugni Blanc
Merlot Blanc
Colombard
How many trial grapes were approved in 2021 for Bordeaux?
6 total
4 red grapes
2 white grapes
What is the purpose of Bordeaux trialling new grapes in 2021?
To combat climate change
What percentage of Bordeaux’s plantings are red?
90%
What is Bordeaux’s most planted red grape?
Merlot
What is Bordeaux’s most planted white grape?
Semillon
Which soils does Merlot perform best on in Bordeaux?
Cool clay soils
What soils does Cabernet Sauvignon perform best on in Bordeaux?
Warmer gravel soils
What are the parents of Cabernet Sauvignon?
Cabernet Franc x Sauvignon Blanc
Which Bordeaux grapes share Cabernet Franc as a parent?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Carmenere
Which grape is a parent to both Merlot and Malbec?
Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
What notable aromatic characteristic do all the main grapes of Bordeaux share?
Pyrezine - gives grapes their green note, frequently notes as asparagus and fresh tobacco and blackcurrant bush
What percentage of red plantings does Merlot hold in Bordeaux?
63%
What is the main risk to Merlot in Bordeaux and why?
Rot due to thin skins
Why is Merlot susceptible to coulure?
It’s early budding
What does Merlot provide to a Bordeaux blend?
Blue and plum fruit
Warm alcohol
What percentage of red plantings does Cabernet Sauvignon hold in Bordeaux?
25%
Why is Cabernet Sauvignon able to resist rot better?
It has thick skins
What does Cabernet Sauvignon add to Bordeaux blends?
Tannin
Phenolic ripeness
What percentage of red plantings does Cabernet Franc hold in Bordeaux?
11%
On which Bordeaux bank does Cabernet Franc have the higher plantings?
Right bank
What does Cabernet Franc add to Bordeaux blends?
Acidity and aromatics
When did Malbec arrive to Bordeaux?
1730s
How are Malbec and Petit Verdot used in Bordeaux blends?
As accessory grapes, often to lift some aromatics, provide some structure, or add colour
What percentage of white plantings does Semillon hold in Bordeaux?
45%
Why is Semillon ideal for botrytis?
It is thin skinned, allowing botrytis to easily pierce through the skin to reach the grape
What characteristics does Semillon add to a white Bordeaux blend?
Wax, honeydew, and richness
What percentage of white plantings does Sauvignon Blanc hold in Bordeaux?
43%
What grape dominates dry white wine blends in Bordeaux?
Sauvignon Blanc
What are the 2 styles of Bordeaux Sauvignon Blanc?
Rich and barrel aged
Grassy and racy
What is the name of the grey-skinned mutation of Sauvignon Blanc?
Sauvignon Gris
What percentage of white plantings does Muscadelle hold in Bordeaux?
5%
What aromatics does Muscadelle bring to Bordeaux blends?
Flowery, grapey aromatics
How many individual AOPs are in Bordeaux?
39
What are Bordeaux’s 3 regional appellations?
Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP
What wines can be produced under Bordeaux AOP?
Red
White (dry or sweet)
Rose
Clairet
What wines can be produced under Bordeaux Superieur AOP?
Red
Medium sweet white wines
What are the aging requirements of Bordeaux Superieur red wines?
Must undergo elevage until June the year following the harvest
What grape dominates Bordeaux Superieur?
Merlot
What method is used to make Cremant de Bordeaux?
Traditional method
What is the minimum aging requirements for Cremant de Bordeaux?
9 months on the lees
What is the only IGP covering Bordeaux?
Vin de Pays de l’Atlantique
When was Vin de Pays de l’Atlantique created?
2016
What are the 5 departments of Vin de Pays de l’Atlantique?
Gironde
Charente
Charente-Maritime
Dordogne
Lot-et-Garone
What was the original name of Bordeaux?
Burgidala
When did Burgidala fall into Roman control?
56CE
Who renamed Burgidala to Bordeaux?
Clovis, the first King of the Franks
Who became Duchess of Aquitaine in 1137?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
What happened to Bordeaux (and Aquitaine) in 1154?
It joined the English House of Plantagent when Eleanor of Aquitaine married King Henry of England
When did Bordeaux (and Aquitaine) break free from English control and return to French rule?
1453 after the 100 years war
What was the impact of the Dutch on Bordeaux in the 1600s?
They built a series of canals known as jalles in order to drain the marshland which is now the Medoc. This allowed the gravelly, alluvial soils north of the city to resurface and is now home to the famous left bank Chateaux
Which producer was the first in Bordeaux to release a wine under a brand name instead of as generic Bordeaux?
Chateau Haut-Brion in 1660
What was the old Bordeaux protectionist measure of privelage de la descente?
Allowed Bordeaux wines a competitive advantage by prohibiting the transfer of non-Bordeaux wine by boat through the port of Bordeaux until November 11
What was the old Bordeaux protectionist measure of privelage de la barrique?
Allowed only Bordeaux to store and ship wines in the barrique barrel
When was the modern Bordeaux barrique barrel adopted?
1860s
What is the size of the modern Bordeaux barrique?
225-litres
What sort of people bought the famous Chateaux of the Medoc after the French Revolution in the 19th century?
Businessmen, bankers, and industrialists
Famously the Rothschild family
Who ordered the creation of 1855 Medoc and Sauternes Classifications and why?
Napoleon III
To show of France’s best wine during the Paris Universal Expedition
What was the 1855 Medoc Classification based off?
Price of the wines at the time
How many Chateaux were originally classed for the 1855 Medoc and Sauternes Classifications?
57 Chateaux for the Medoc
21 Chateaux in Sauternes
How many Chateaux are classed today for the 1855 Medoc and Sauternes Classifications?
61 Chateaux for the Medoc
27 Chateaux for Sauternes
What was the only major change to occur to the 1855 Medoc Classification?
in 1973, 2nd growth Chateau Mouton Rothschild was promoted to 1st Growth
What are the best Bordeaux vintages since 2000?
2000
2005
2009
2010
2015
2016
2018
2019
2020
2022
Who was the most important export market for Bordeaux in the 2000s?
China
What is the place de Bordeaux?
A 3-tier system controlling the trade of wine in Bordeaux
What are the 3 tiers of the Place de Bordeaux?
The production tier (Chateau)
The broker tier (courtiers)
The sales tier (negocients)
What is the purpose of courtiers in Bordeaux?
They negotiate wine prices between buyers and sellers for a commission
What is the benefit of Bordeaux’s En Primeur campaigns for producers?
Allows producers to manage risk and recoup production and inventory costs
How does Bordeaux’s En Primeur campaign work?
In the spring following harvest, En Primeur tastings occur. Wines are then scored and and prices released to negocients, and then to trade and the public. Wines will often not reach the public for 2 years
Which Bordeaux Chateau famously opted out of the En Primeur campaign in 2012?
Chateau Latour
How are the majority of vines in Bordeaux trained?
On vertical trellises in the Guyot system
What vine training system is used in Sauternes?
Cordon training
What is the minimum vineyard planting density in the Medoc?
7000 vines per hectare
Why are canopies trained lower in the Medoc?
In order to absorb more heat reflecting off the gravel soils
What is the minimum vineyard planting density in Saint Emilion and Pomerol?
5500 vines per hectare
Why are canopies trained higher on the right bank?
Vineyards are more prone to frost, so higher training reduces the risk from frost
What is the benefit of de-leafing in Bordeaux?
To ward off rot and increase vineyard ventilation
Why is green harvesting common in Bordeaux?
In order to reduce vine vigour, producing more concentrated berries
How many Bordeaux estates are biodynamic?
77
What are the 2 types of sorting mechanisms used in Bordeaux?
Optical Shorter
Hand sorting
What is an Optical Sorter?
Allows a producer to tell a machine specific requirements of berry size, colour, weight, sugar, and more, and the machine will reject any grapes which do not comply to the requirements
How long does elevage often occur for the red grand vins of Bordeaux?
18-24 months
How often does racking typically occur for red Bordeaux?
Every 3 months
What oak is typically used for barriques?
French Limousin oak
What is cliquage?
A form of micro-oxygenation which occurs during elevage. This allows moderate doses of oxygen into the finished wine
Where are Bordeaux barriques stored?
Chai
What is a Chai?
A single story building used to store barriques in Bordeaux
When were the first official second wines released in Bordeaux?
1982
What fruit is used for a Chateau’s second wine?
Lower quality fruit, such as that rejected from Optical Sorters or from young vines
What are the benefits of second wines for producers and buyers?
The provide more money for the Chateau and reduce the waste of material
They are cheaper and more approachable then the grand vins for buyers
What are the 2 subregions of the Medoc?
The northern Bas-Medoc and the southern Haut-Medoc
What is the name of the man made forest to the west of the Medoc?
Landes Forest
What is the benefit of the Landes Forest for Bordeaux?
It protects the region from strong, salt-bearing winds coming off the Atlantic
How many AOPs are there in the Medoc?
8, including Medoc AOP
What is the dominant grape of Medoc AOC?
Merlot
What are the villages of the bas-Medoc?
St-Yzans
St-Christoly
Couqueques
St Germain-d’Esteuil
Ordinance
Blaignan
Begadan
Where are the majority of Cru Bourgeois and Cru Artisan Chateaux located?
In the Bas-Medoc
Which classed growth owns the famous Cru Bourgeois Chateau Potensac?
Chateau Leoville Las Cases
What is the appellation covering the southern Medoc?
Haut-Medoc AOP
Which leading unclassified Chateau owns the strip of landing bordering the north of St-Estephe?
Chateau Sociando-Mallet
What are the 6 appellations within the Haut Medoc?
Saint-Estephe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Margaux
Listrac Medoc
Moulis en Medoc
What is the northernmost Haut Medoc appellation?
Saint-Estephe
What is the name of the river marking the southern boundary of Saint-Estephe?
Jalle de Breuil
What are the soils of Saint-Estephe?
Gravel over clay and sand
Which Saint Estephe Chateau faces Lafite Rothschild across the Jalle de Breuil?
Chateau Cos d’Estournel
How many classed growths does Saint-Estephe have?
5
Which Chateaux own the following Saint-Estephe based Cru Bourgeois?:
- Pez
- Ormes de Pez
Pez is owned by Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
Ormes de Pez is owned by Chateau Lynch Bages
Other than Pez and Ormes de Pez, what Cru Bourgeois are known for their quality in Saint Estephe?
Phelan Segur
Beau-Site
Le Boscq
Capbern
What is the style of Saint-Estephe?
Rustic, agressive, and sturdy with higher acidity than the other appellations
Which grape makes up 40% of plantings in Saint Estephe?
Merlot
How many hectares of vines are planted in Saint-Estephe?
1250ha
What are the 3 first growths of Pauillac?
Chateau Lafite Rothschild
Chateau Mouton Rothschild
Chateau Latour
What is the dominant soil of Pauillac?
Deep gravel coupes
What grape dominate Pauillac plantings?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Which first growths mark the northern and southern boundaries of Pauillac?
Chateau Lafite-Rothschild marks the northern boundary
Chateau Latour marks the southern boundary
Who bought Chateau Pichon Longueville Lalande de Comtesse in 2007?
Champagne house Louis Roederer
How many hectares of vines are planted in Pauillac?
1100ha
How many communes are within Saint-Julien?
3
What is the river bordering the south of Saint Julien?
Jalle du Nord
Who has owned Chateau Lagrange since 1983?
House of Suntory in Japan
How many hectares are in Saint Julien?
920ha
What percentage of Saint-Julien’s output comes from classed growths?
85%
How many hectares does Margaux cover?
1500ha
How many communes are within Margaux?
5
What are the communes of Saint Julien?
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle
Cussac-Fort-Medoc
Saint-Laurent
What are the communes of Margaux?
Margaux
Cantenac
Soussans
Arsac
Labarde
What are the soils of Margaux?
Shallow gravel croups mixed with sand, limestone, and clay
How much of Margaux is planted with Cabernet Sauvignon?
65%
How many classed growths are in Margaux?
21
What are the 2 leading Chateaux of Margaux?
Chateau Margaux
Chateau Palmer
What is the style of Margaux?
More aromatic and silky than those from further north
Where are Moulis AOP and Listrac AOP located?
Between Saint Julien and Margaux
When was Moulis AOP created?
1938
What are the 2 top Cru Bourgeois of Moulis AOP?
Chateau Chasse-Spleen
Chateau Poujeaux
When did Listrac AOP gain appellation status?
1957
What is the dominant grape of Moulis en Medoc?
Merlot
When was the Cru Artisan classification officially recognised?
2002
From 2005, how many producers are part of the Cru Artisan classification?
44
In 2023, how many producers how classified for the Cru Artisan?
33
From 2023, how often will the Cru Artisan classification be reviewed?
Every 5 years
When was the Cru Bourgeois classification first introduced in Bordeaux?
1932
How many properties were classified Cru Bourgeois in 1932?
444
What are the 3 tiers of the Cru Bourgeois classification?
Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Superieur
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
As of 2020, how many chateau are classified at each tier of the Cru Bourgeois?
249 Cru Bourgeois
56 Cru Bourgeois Superieur
14 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
How frequently will the Cru Bourgeois classification be reviewed?
Every 5 years
Where is the Graves located?
South of the city of Bordeaux along the Garonne River
What is the dominant soils of the Graves?
Gravel with more sand and limestone as you go further south
What are the 2 regional appellations for the Graves?
Graves AOP for dry red and white wines
Graves Superieur AOP for sweet white wines
When was the graves classification first drafted up?
1953
When was the graves classification finalised?
1959
How many chateau are currently part of the Graves Classification?
16
How many Graves chateau are classed for red, white, and both colours?
7 for red wine only
3 for white wine only
6 for red and white wine
Which 2 Graves Chateau disappeared in the 2000s?
Chateau La Tour Haut Brion in 2005
Chateau Laville Haut Brion in 2008
Both Chateau now provide fruit for wines for La Mission Haut Brion
Which winemaker was pushing for the creation of Pessac Leognan in the 1970s?
Andre Lurton
Which Bordeaux Chateau did Andre Lurton take over in 1968?
Chateau Couhins
When was the Pessac-Leognan appellation created?
1987
How many communes are within the Pessac appellation?
10
How many hectares of vines fall under the Pessac appellation?
1700ha
What percentage of Pessacs output is red?
80%
What are the top 2 producers of white wines in Pessac-Leognan?
Haut Brion
Domaine de Chevalier
What are the grapes used in Sauternes?
Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle
What is pourriture?
Noble rot (botrytis cinerea)
When were the chateau of Sauternes classified?
1855
What are the communes within Sauternes?
Sauternes
Barsac
Bommes
Fargues
Preignac
How many hectares are under vine in Sauternes?
2200ha
What are the 2 important rivers for Sauternes?
River Garonne
River Ciron
How do producers harvest in Sauternes?
In tries, which are multiple walks through the vineyard
How many tries usually occur in Sauternes during harvest?
3-4
How are Sauternes wines fermented?
In barrel
What is the average sugar levels of Sauternes?
120-160g/l
What is the largest commune within Sauternes?
Barsac AOP
How are white wines from Bordeaux labelled?
Bordeaux AOP
What is considered the best dry white wine from Sauternes?
Ygrec by Chateau Yquem
What is the only 1er cru Superieur in Sauternes?
Chateau d’Yquem
How has owned Chateau d’Yquem since 1999?
LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet and Hennessy)
Where is Cerons AOP located?
Just north of Barsac
What are the 3 communes of Cerons AOP?
Cerons
Podensac
Illats
What wines are produced under Cerons AOP?
Sweet wines
When was Cerons AOP created?
1936
How many appellations make up the right bank of Bordeaux?
10
What percentage of Bordeaux’s wines does the right bank produce?
10%
What is the biggest viticultural concern for the right bank of Bordeaux?
Frost
What soil is most widespread on the right bank?
Cool clay and calcareous clay
What are the dominant grapes of he right bank?
Merlot (roughly 70%)
Cabernet Franc (roughly 30%)
In the core right bank appellations of Bordeaux, what are white wines released as?
Bordeaux AOP
When was Saint Emilion designated a world heritage site?
1999
Which rivers does Saint Emilion lie between?
The Dordogne and Barbanne Rivers
How many communes can produce Saint Emilion AOP?
9
How many hectares are under vine in Saint Emilion?
5000ha
What are the cotes of Saint Emilion?
The hilled limestone plateau covering the town of Saint Emilion and surrounding vineyards
What are the soils of Saint Emilion near the border with Pomerol?
Shift from clay and limestone to warmer gravel
Which 2 famous Chateau sit on the gravel soils in Saint Emilion?
Chateau Figeac
Chateau Cheval Blanc
How do the soils change at the bottom of the cotes in Saint Emilion?
Soils become sandier
What are the 2 appellations covering Saint Emilion and when were they created?
Saint Emilion AOP created in 1936
Saint Emilion Grand Cru AOP created in 1954
Where are the majority of Saint Emilion Grand Crus located?
On the cotes
When was the Saint Emilion classification created?
1954
How frequently is the Saint Emilion classification supposed to be reviewed?
Every 10 years
What years has the Saint Emilion classification been reviewed?
1958 (it was legally enacted)
1969
1986
1996
2006
2012
2022
What happened after the 2006 Saint Emilion Classification revision?
A group of demoted chateau brought legal action against the revision. In 2009, the court reinstated the demoted chateau and kept the upgraded chateau. This led to an appeal process being created from the 2012 classification onwards
As of the 2022 classification, what are the 2 Premier Grand Cru Classe A Chateaux?
Chateau Pavie
Chateau Figeac
As of the 2022 classification, how many Chateau are classed in the Saint Emilion Classification?
2 Premier Grand Cru Classe A
12 Premier Grand Cru Classe B
71 Grand Cru Classe
Which Chateau withdrew from the Saint Emilion Classification in 2022?
Cheval Blanc
Angelus
Ausone
La Gaffeliere
What is the dominant grape of Pomerol?
Merlot
What percentages of Pomerol’s vineyards does Merlot makeup?
70%
Which rivers flow around Pomerol?
Isle River, Barbanne River and Dordogne River
What soil is Pomerol known for?
Clay, especially blue clay on the best sites
What are the 3 types of Pomerol and where are they found?
Sand is found at the bottom of the slopes and lower slopes
Gravel is found over clay and crasse de fer coming up the mid slopes of the plateau
Clay is found at the top of the plateau along with the best producer
What is the crasse de fer soil found in Pomerol?
Iron rich sand deposits
Which soil type is Petrus sat on?
Blue clay
What is the blend of the average Petrus?
100% Merlot
What percentage of vineyard area in Pomerol is planted to Cabernet Franc?
25%
Other than Petrus, name 5 top Pomerol estates
Vieux Chateau Certan (VCC)
Lafleur
Le Pin
L’Evangile
Trotanoy
Clinet
La Conseillante
Petit Villag
Is there a classification in Pomerol?
No
Where is Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac located?
North of Pomerol down the Dordogne River
When did the wines from Fronsac first gain a reputation?
18th and 19th century
Where were Fronsac wines famously served in France?
The Palace of Versailles
How many hectares of vines cover Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac?
1100ha
What river separates Fronsac from the Lalande de Pomerol?
Isle River
What is the dominant grape of Fronsac?
Merlot
How many hectares are in Canon-Fronsac?
300ha
What is the soil of Fronsac?
Fronsadais molasse
What is the soil Fronsadais molasse?
A mixture of soft limestone and clay
What are the 4 satellite Saint Emilion appellations?
Lussac Saint Emilion
Puisseguin Saint Emilion
Montagne Saint Emilion
Saint Georges Saint Emilion
How many Saint Emilion satellite appellations were originally created?
6
Which 2 Saint Emilion satellite appellations no longer exist and why?
Sables AOP because it was absorbed by Libourne and its vineyards included in Saint Emilion AOP
Parsac AOP disappeared in 1973 as it was absorbed by Montagne Saint Emilion
What is the dominant grape of the Saint Emilion satellites?
Merlot
What are the soils of the Saint Emilion Satellites?
A mix of gravel, clay, and limestone
Which Saint Emilion satellite has the highest output of wine?
Montagne Saint Emilion
Which Saint Emilion satellite has the highest elevation?
Puisseguin Saint Emilion
Where is Lalande de Pomerol?
Right bank of Bordeaux, west of Montagne Saint Emilion
Which river separate Lalande de Pomerol from Montagne Saint Emilion?
Barbanne River
What are the 2 communes of Lalande de Pomerol?
Lalande de Pomerol and Neac
What are the soils of Lalande de Pomerol?
Crasse de fer, though less present than on the Pomerol plateau
What grape dominate Lalande de Pomerol?
Merlot, covering 75% of vineyard area
What does Entre-Deux-Mers mean?
Between the 2 seas
Which rivers flow either side of the Entre-Deux-Mers?
The Dordogne and Garonne Rivers
When did the Entre-Deux-Mere gain its appellation for white wines?
1937
What grape dominates the vineyards of Entre-Deux-Mers?
Merlot, destined for Bordeaux AOP and Bordeaux Superieur AOP
What region does 75% of Bordeaux AOP come from?
Entre-Deux-Mers
What are the soils of the Entre-Deux-Mers?
Weathered limestone under cool clay and sandy clay topsoil
Which Entre-Deux-Mers wines are allowed to carry the Haut-Benauge designation?
Wines coming from 9 communes along the border of Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire AOP
What style of wines does Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire AOP produce?
Dry and sweet white wines
Where is the Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux?
A thin ribbon of hillsides along the Garonne River
What wines are produced from Premieres Côte de Bordeaux?
Sweet white wines
What is the minimum residual sugar for Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux?
34g/l
What is the dominant grape if Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux?
Semillon
What are the 3 superior sweet wine appellation within Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux?
Cadillac
Loupiac
Saint-Croix-du-Mont
Where is Graves de Vader’s located?
Northeast of the Entre Deux Mers opposite Libourne
Where is Saint Foy AOP located?
The edge of the Entre Deux Mers before Bergerac begins
When was the Cotes de Bordeaux introduced?
2009
What are the 4 disconnected areas of the Cotes de Bordeaux?
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux along the Garonne River
East of Saint Emilion and the Satellites
Between Entre de Mers and Bergerac
Right bank of the Gironde west of Pomerol
What wines are produced by the Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red wines based off Merlot
What are the 5 geographic designations permitted within the Cotes de Bordeaux?
Castillon
Francs
Cadillac
Blaye
Sainte-Foye
Where is Castillon located in Bordeaux?
Eastern sector of the right bank, beyond the satellites
What wines may be produced from Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux?
Red wines only
Where is Francs Cotes de Bordeaux located?
Eastern section of the right bank
What wines may be produced from Francs Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red and white wines
Where is Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux located?
Within the Premiers Cotes de Bordeaux strip on the right bank of the Garonne
Which wines may be produced from the Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux?
Red wines only
Where is Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux located?
Covers the same parameters as Blaye AOP
What wines may be produced under Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red or white wines
Where is Sainte-Foye Cotes de Bordeaux located?
East of the Entre Deux Mers, bordering Bergerac
What wines may be produced from Sainte-Foye Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red or white wines
Where are Bourg and Blaye located?
On the right bank of the Gironde estuary, northwest of Pomerol
When was Bourg AOP established?
1936
When was Bourg AOP permitted to produce white wines?
1941
What grape dominates Bourg AOP?
Merlot
What are the main soils of Bourg AOP?
Clay with gravel pockets
How much Malbec is planted in Bourg AOP?
10% of vineyards
How many hectares of vines represent Bourg AOP?
4000ha
What is considered the highest quality Chateau of Bourg AOP?
Chateau Roc de Cambes
What are the soils of Blaye AOP?
Clay and limestone
How many hectares of vines cover Blaye AOP?
6500ha
What wines may be released under Cotes de Blaye AOP?
Rare white blends based off Ugni Blanc and Colombard
What are the 1st growth of Bordeaux and where are they located?
Chateau Lafite Rothschild - Pauillac
Chateau Mouton Rothschild - Pauillac
Chateau Latour - Pauillac
Chateau Margaux - Margaux
Chateau Haut Brion - Pessac-Leognan
What is the second wine of Chateau Lafite Rothschild?
Carrudes de Lafite-Rothschild
What is the second wine of Chateau Mouton Rothschild?
Le Petits Mouton de Mouton Rothschild
What is the second wine of Chateau Latour?
Les Forts de Latour
What is the second wine of Chateau Margaux?
Pavillon Rouge de Margaux
What is the second wine of Chateau Haut Brion?
Les Clarence de Haut Brion
What are the 2nd growths of Pauillac and their second wines?
Chateau Cos d’Estournel - Les Pagodes de Cos
Chateau Montrose - La Dame de Montrose
What are the 2nd growths of Pauillac and their second wines?
Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron - Les Tourelles de Longueville
Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande - Reserve de la Comtesse
What are the 2nd growths of Saint Julien and their second wines?
Chateau Leoville Las Cases - Le Petit Lion de Marquis de las Cases
Chateau Levoille Poyferre - Chateau Moulin Riche
Chateau Leoville Barton - La Reserve de Leoville Barton
Chateau Gruard Larose - Sarget de Gruard-Larose
Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou - La Croix de Beaucaillou
What are the 2nd growths and their second wines of Margaux?
Chateau Rauzan Segla - Segla
Chateau Rauzan Gassies - Chevalier de Rauzan Gassies
Chateau Dufort-Vivens - Vivens de Dufort Vivens
Chateau Lascombes - Chevalier de Lascombes
Chateau Brane-Cantenac - Baron de Brane
What are the 3rd Growth of Saint Estephe?
Chateau Calon Segur
What are the 3rd growths of Saint Julien?
Chateau Lagrange
Chateau Langoa Barton
What are the 3rd growths of Margaux?
Chateau Kirwan
Chateau d’Issan
Chateau Giscours
Chateau Malescot St-Exupery
Chateau Boyd-Cantenac
Chateau Cantenac Brown
Chateau Palmer
Chateau Desmirail
Chateau Ferriere
Chateau Marquis d’Alesme Becker
What are the 3rd growth of the Haut-Medoc?
Chateau La Lagune
What are the 4th growths of Saint Estephe?
Chateau Lafon rochet
What are the 4th growths of Pauillac?
Chateau Duhart Milon
What are the 4th growths of Saint Julien?
Chateau Saint Pierre
Chateau Talbot
Chateau Branaire-Ducru
Chateau Beychevelle
What are the 4th growths of Margaux?
Chateau Prieure Lichine
Chateau Marquis de Terme
What are the 4th growths of the Haut Medoc?
Chateau La Tour Carnet
What are the 5th growths of Saint Estephe?
Chateau Cos Labory
What are the 5th growths of Pauillac?
Chateau Pontet Canet
Chateau Batailley
Chateau Haut-Batailley
Chateau Grand Puy Lacoste
Chateau Grand Puy Ducasse
Chateau Lynch Bages
Chateau Lynch Moussas
Chateau d’Armaillhac
Chateau Haut Bages Liberal
Chateau Pedesclaux
Chateau Clerc Milon
Chateau Croizet-Bages
What are the 5th growths of Margaux?
Chateau Dauzac
Chateau du Tertre
What are the 5th growths of the Haut Medoc?
Chateau Belgrave
Chateau de Camensac
Chateau Cantemerle
What is the Premier Cru Superieur of Sauternes and its second wine?
Chateau d’Yquem - Sauternes No.2
What are the 1st Growths of Barsac?
Chateau Coutet
Chateau Climens
What are the 1st growths of Sauternes?
Chateau La Tour Blanche
Chateau Lafayette-Peyraguey
Clos Haut-Peyraguey
Chateau de Rayne Vigneau
Chateau Suduirat
Chateau Guiraud
Chateau Ruissec
Chateau Rabaud-Promis
Chateau Sigalas Rabaud
What are the classed Chateau of the Cadaujac commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Bousquet for red and white wine
What are the classed Chateau of the Leognan commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Carbonnieux - for red and white wines
Domaine de Chevalier - for red and white wines
Chateau Malartic-Lagraviere - for red and white wines
Chateau Olivier - for red and white wines
Chateau de Fieuzel - for red wines
Chateau Haut Bailey - for red wines
What are the classed Chateau of the Martillac commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Latour-Martillac - for red and white wines
Chateau Smith-Haut-Lafite - for red wines
What are the classed Chateau of the Pessac commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Haut Brion - for red wines
Chateau Pape-Clement - for red wines
What are the classed Chateau of the Talence commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau La Mission Haut Brion - for red wines
Chateau La Tour Haut Brion - for red wines
Chateau Laville Haut Brion - for white wines
What are the classed Chateau of the Villenave-d’Ornon commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Couhins - for white wine
Chateau Couhins-Lurton - for white wine
What are the Premiere Grand Cru Classe B wines of Saint Emilion?
Ch Beau-Sejour Becot
Chateau Beausejour (Duffau Lagarrosse)
Ch Belair-Monange
Ch Canon
Ch Canon la Gaffeliere
Clos Fourtet
La Mondotte
Ch Larcis Ducasse
Ch Pavie Macquin
Ch Troplong Mondot
Ch Trottevieille
Ch Valandraud
What are the best vintages for Bordeaux red wine since 1990?
1996
2000
2005
2009
2010
2016
2019
2022
What are the best vintages for Bordeaux white wine since 1990?
2007
2010
2021
What are the worst vintages for Bordeaux red wine since 1990?
1991
1992
1993
2003
2013
2017
What are the worst vintages for Bordeaux white wine since 1990?
1991
1997
1999
2003
2009
2015
2018
2022
