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Alsace Flashcards

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1
Q

In what century is winemaking thought to have began in Alsace?

A

4th century

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2
Q

What Empire was Alsace a part of in the Middle Ages?

A

Holy Roman Empire

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3
Q

In what year did Alsace fall to France during the 30 years war?

A

1639

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4
Q

In what year was Alsace briefly independent before being reincorporated into France?

A

1918

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5
Q

What is the capital of Alsace?

A

Strasbourg

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6
Q

Which 2 countries have mostly impacted the culture of Alsace?

A

France and Germany

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7
Q

When do many of Alsace’s current vineyards date back to and why?

A

1945 because it was the end of WW2

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8
Q

When did Alsace gain AOP status?

A

1962

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9
Q

Where and when was France’s first co-operative located?

A

Alsace, 1895

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10
Q

What are the majority of Alsatian wines bottled in?

A

Tall, green, flute bottles

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11
Q

What are the 2 zones of Alsace?

A

Haut Rhin and Bas Rhin

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12
Q

North to south, how many kilometres do the vineyards of Alsace run for?

A

100km

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13
Q

Between what level of altitude are the majority of Alsatian vineyards?

A

150-550m altitude

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14
Q

Roughly how many of Alsace’s Grand Crus are within the Haut Rhin?

A

2/3

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15
Q

What is the mountain range to the east of Alsace?

A

Vosges

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16
Q

What climactic affect do the Vosges have on Alsace?

A

They create a rain shadow

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17
Q

What is the impact of a rain shadow on Alsatian vineyards?

A

The climate becomes continental due to very little rain and no clouds, meaning lots of sun

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18
Q

What is the climate of Alsace?

A

Cool continental

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19
Q

Other than the rain shadow, what is the other drying impact on Alsatian vineyards?

A

Wind coming over the top of the Vosges Mountains

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20
Q

Where are the best Alsatian vineyards found?

A

Along the mid slopes of the Vosges Mountain Range with a south-southeasterly aspect

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21
Q

What other country does the Vosges Mountain run into? What is the continuation called?

A

Germany
The Haadt Mountains

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22
Q

Roughly how many different soil types do Alsatian winemakers claim there are in Alsace?

A

800

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23
Q

What is the soil makeup of the gres de Vosges?

A

Pink sandstone

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24
Q

What are the dominant soil types of the steeper vineyards in Alsace?

A

Schist
Granite
Volcanic Sediment

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25
Q

What is the main soil of the lower slopes of Alsace?

A

Limestone

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26
Q

What are the soils of Alsatian plains at the foot of the Vosges?

A

Alluvial clay and gravel

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27
Q

What is the main environmental risk to Alsatian vineyards?

A

Spring frost

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28
Q

Which type of forests in Alsace cool dramatically reduce vineyard temperatures?

A

Pine Tree Forests

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29
Q

What is the major city for Alsatian wine trade?

A

Colmar

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30
Q

What percentage of Alsace wines are white?

A

90%

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31
Q

What percentage of France’s white wines does Alsace produce?

A

20%

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32
Q

Which 2 grapes make up the majority of volume for Alsatian wines?

A

Pinot Blanc and Auxerrois

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33
Q

What is Alsace’s most widely planted grape?

A

Riesling

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34
Q

Is oak used in Alsace?

A

Never for flavour on white wines. Old oval casks are sometimes used for fermentation or micro-oxygenation
Aged oak is often used for red wines

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35
Q

What are the 4 noble grapes of Alsace?

A

Riesling
Pinot Gris
Gewürztraminer
Muscat (Blanc a Petits Grains, Rose a Petits Grains, and Ottonel)

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36
Q

Other than the noble grapes, what grapes are permitted for Alsace AOP?

A

Pinot Blanc
Auxerrois
Sylvaner
Chasselas
Savagnin
Pinot Noir

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37
Q

What is another name for Pinot Blanc in Alsace?

A

Klevner

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38
Q

Describe a typical dry Alsatian Riesling

A

Dry & powerful
High acidity
High alcohol
Intense minerality

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39
Q

Describe a typical Alsatian Pinot Gris

A

Full bodied
High acidity
Medium+ alcohol
Sweet spice and smokiness

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40
Q

What is a former name for Pinot Gris in Alsace?

A

Tokay d’Alsace

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41
Q

Describe a typical Alsatian Gewürztraminer

A

Full body
Low acidity
High alcohol
Sweet spice and tropical fruit

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42
Q

What grape is Gewürztraminer a clone of?

A

Traminer

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43
Q

Which 3 Muscat grapes are permitted in Alsace?

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains
Muscat Rose a Petits Grains
Muscat Ottonel

44
Q

Describe a typical Alsatian Muscat

A

Fuller bodied
Low acidity
Medium+ alcohol
Highly aromatic with grape aromas

45
Q

What grape is Savagnin a clone of?

A

Traminer

46
Q

Which Alsatian commune is the only commune to allow Savagnin?

A

Heiligenstein (Bas-Rhin)

47
Q

What is the only red grape permitted in Alsace?

A

Pinot Noir

48
Q

What is another name for Chasselas in Alsace?

A

Gutedel

49
Q

What is the minimum alcohol requirement for Vin d’Alsace?

A

8.5%

50
Q

What percentage of an Alsatian wine must be made from a state grape?

A

100%

51
Q

Which 2 grapes in Alsace may be blended but still be labelled varietally?

A

Pinot Blanc and Auxerrois can be blended and labelled as Pinot Blanc
100% Auxerrois can also be labelled as Pinot Blanc

52
Q

If an Alsace wine is labelled Pinot, which grapes could be in the wine?

A

Any blend of Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris, and Auxerrois

53
Q

What are the 3 types of Alsatian blends?

A

Edelzwicker
Gentil
Field Blends

54
Q

What is an Edelzwicker blend in Alsace?

A

It means a noble mixture
The wines do not need to be vintage-dated and technically dont have to be a blend at all
Typically low quality

55
Q

What is a Gentil blend in Alsace?

A

An unofficial term indicating a blend made up of minimum 50% noble grapes
The base wines must be vinified separately

56
Q

What is an Alsatian Field Blend?

A

Grapes from the same vineyard picked and vinified together. Thought to be a true expression of terroir

57
Q

When was Alsace Grand Cru created?

A

1975

58
Q

What was the first Alsace Grand Cru created in 1975?

A

Schlossberg

59
Q

How many Grand Crus were added to Alsace Grand Cru AOP in 1983?

A

24

60
Q

How many Grand Crus were added to Alsace Grand Cru AOP in 1992?

A

25

61
Q

What was the last Alsace Grand Cru added and when?

A

Kaefferkopf
2007

62
Q

How much of Alsace’s production does Alsace Grand Cru represent?

A

5%

63
Q

What grapes are permitted for Alsace Grand Cru (excluding exceptions)?

A

The 4 noble grapes:
Riesling
Pinot Gris
Gewürztraminer
Muscat

64
Q

Which Alsace Grand Cru permits the use of Sylavner?

A

Zotzenberg

65
Q

Which 3 Alsace Grand Crus allow Pinot Noir, and since what year has it been allowed?

A

Kirchberg de Barr - 2022
Hengst - 2022
Vorbourg - 2024

66
Q

Which 2 Alsace Grand Crus allow wines to be from a blend of grapes?

A

Kaefferkopf
Altenberg de Bergheim

67
Q

What are the minimum potential alcohol levels required for the noble grapes destined for Alsace Grand Cru wines?

A

Riesling: 11%
Muscat: 11%
Pinot Gris: 12.5%
Gewürztraminer: 12.5%

68
Q

How did the Alsace Grand Cru system change in 2011?

A

The law changed so that instead of there being 1 Grand Cru appellation with 51 vineyards (much like Chablis), there became 51 individual Grand Cru appellations for each individual vineyard, with each gaining its own independence (much like the Côte d’Or)

69
Q

What is the smallest Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Kanzelberg - 3ha

70
Q

What is the largest Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Schlossberg - 80ha

71
Q

Which Alsace producer releases the wine Clos St-Hune?

A

Trimbach

72
Q

Why does Trimbach release Clos St Hune as Alsace AOP instead of Alsace Grand Cru?

A

They believe the plot of land used for Clos Ste-Hune is superior to the rest of the Grand Cru so choose not to use the Grand Cru label

73
Q

Which Alsace Grand Cru vineyard produces fruit for Clos St Hune?

A

Rosacker Grand Cru

74
Q

What are the soils of Kitterle Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Sandstone

75
Q

What are the dominant grapes of Zinnkoepfle Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Riesling and Gewürztraminer

76
Q

What are the soils and dominant grape of Vorbourg Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Marl and sandstone dominated by Muscat

77
Q

What are the dominant soils and grapes of Eichberg Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Marl and sandstone
Riesling and Gewürztraminer

78
Q

What are the famous grapes of Hengst Alsace Grand Cru?

A

Riesling
Gewürztraminer

79
Q

What is the dominant soils of the Turckheim, Brand, and Schlossberg Alsace Grand Crus?

A

Granite

80
Q

In which Alsace Grand Cru does Clos de Capucins lie within, and which producer owns it?

A

Schlossberg
Weinbach

81
Q

In which Alsace Grand Cru does Clos St-Landelin reside and who owns it?

A

Vorbourg
Mure

82
Q

Which Alsace Grand Cru does Clos Hauserer lie near and who owns it?

A

Hengst
Zind-Humbrechet

83
Q

Which Alsace Grand Cru does Clos Jebsal reside near?

A

Turckheim

84
Q

In which Alsace Grand Cru does Clos St-Urbain reside?

A

Rangen

85
Q

Which Alsace Grand Cru does Clos Windsbuhl reside near?

A

Hunawihr

86
Q

When were the Alsace appellations Vendanges Tardives and Selections de Grains Nobles created?

A

1984

87
Q

How many grapes can make up a sweet Alsace wine?

A

One noble variety

88
Q

How can Alsace grapes qualify for Selection de Grains Nobles?

A

Must be affected by botrytis and should be picked in tries

89
Q

What is the style of Vendanges Tardives wines?

A

They emphasise varietal expression with varying amounts of sweetness

90
Q

Are Alsace sweet wines allowed to go through chaptalisation?

A

No

91
Q

What are the Alsation minimum sugar levels for Vendanges Tardives?

A

Muscat & Riesling: 244g/l
Pinot Gris & Gewürztraminer: 270g/l

92
Q

What are the minimum sweetness levels for Selection Grains de Nobles?

A

Muscat & Riesling: 276g/l
Pinot Gris & Gewürztraminer: 306g/l

93
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar levels for sweet Alsace AC, not labelled as VT or SGN?

A

12g/l for all grapes except Riesling which is 9g/l
Labelled Moelleux

94
Q

Which grape dominates Cremant d’Alsace?

A

Pinot Blanc

95
Q

What grape is used to make Rose Cremant d’Alsace?

A

Pinot Noir

96
Q

What grape is allowed in Cremant d’Alsace which isn’t allowed in Vin d’Alsace?

A

Chardonnay

97
Q

Other than Chardonnay, which other grapes are permitted for Cremant d’Alsace?

A

Riesling
Auxerrois
Pinot Gris

98
Q

Which declining wine region neighbours Alsace?

A

Lorraine

99
Q

What are the 2 AOPs of Lorraine?

A

Cotes de Toul AOP
Moselle AOP

100
Q

What is the grapes used for making red and rose Cotes de Toul?

A

Pinot Noir and Gamay

101
Q

What are the grapes used for the white wines of Cotes de Toul?

A

Auxerrois and Aubin

102
Q

When was the Moselle appellation promoted from VDQS to AOC?

A

2011

103
Q

What are the 2 major grapes of Moselle AOP?

A

Auxerrois and Pinot Noir

104
Q

What famous German grape is used in Moselle AOP?

A

Muller-Thurgau

105
Q

What famous river runs through Moselle AOP?

A

The Mosel River which runs through Lorraine then Luxembourg before going through Germany

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