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Italy > Booklet 7: Italian Foreign Policy 1922-1939 > Flashcards

Booklet 7: Italian Foreign Policy 1922-1939 Flashcards

1
Q

Militarism aim

A

Transform the Italian people into more militaristic soldiers
Make Italy a great power

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2
Q

Historic goals

A

Fiume
Strengthen Libya control
Colonies in Africa
Roman empires

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3
Q

Internal domestic concerns

A

Gaining popularity by overcoming mutilated victory

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4
Q

Methods aims

A

Using conquest to create second Roman Empire

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5
Q

Main foreign policy aims

A

Distract Italians from miserable living conditions
Mediterranean territory
More territories for Italian population

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6
Q

Corfu incident 1923

A

Italian general was murdered, Mussolini attacked the Greek government, demanded them to attend funeral and pay 50million lire to Italy.
Italy bombarded corfu without warning

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7
Q

Successes and failures of corfu

A

League of Nations demanded Mussolini end occupation
Italy won the 50million lire from Greece
Mussolini won support domestically

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8
Q

Fiume 1924

A

Yugoslavia recognised Fiume as part of Italy

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9
Q

Successes and failures of Fiume

A

Popular achievement of Mussolini
Fiume significance was largely symbolic, Yugoslavia no longer needed it
Predominantly domestic gains

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10
Q

Locarno pact 1925

A

Mussolini involved in negotiations to allow Germany into the LON
Accepting WWI borders between Germany Belgium and france

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11
Q

Locarno pact successes and failures

A

Finally bring an end to threat to European peace
Mussolini failed to link Locarno to Italy and Austria’s borders
Contributed to popularity in italy

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12
Q

Albania and Yugoslavia

A

Italy was expanding links and political interference in Albania
Supported Zogus proclamation as King Zog
Zog baceame an Italian protectorate

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13
Q

Successes ad failures of Albania and Yugoslavia

A

Italian influence was extended at the expense of Yugoslavia
Undermined Yugoslavia, saw them as a block
Croatian terrorises financed by Italians assassinated the king

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14
Q

Libya

A

Mussolini continued the governments war against the Libyan rebellion
Italian gov had asserted a brutal occupation
Policy of starvation, mass executions, chemical warfare, concentration camps

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15
Q

Libya successes and failures

A

Rebel leader captured and executed
100,000 Libyans forced to leave their homes, 40,000 died
Finally put down the rebellion in 1932

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16
Q

Four power pact 1933

A

Mussolini’s reaction to Hitler taking power was to try and bring Britan, France, Germany and Italy together

17
Q

Four power pact successes and failures

A

Signed in Rome 1933
International prestige to Mussolini
Never ratified by britan and France
Hitler came to power and was no longer interested in

18
Q

Assassination of Austrian chancellor Dollfuss 1934

A

Mussolini was concerned about possible Anschluss with Austria
Austrian nazis assassinated Dollfuss
Mussolini declared he would not allow an Anschluss

19
Q

Stresa front 1935

A

Hitler announced the German military rearmament had been happening secretly for 2 years
Mussolini met with Britain and France, they all had desire for peace
Mussolini discusses with French foreign minister if they reach anti German agreement-they would support invasion of abysinnia

20
Q

Relationship with Britain 1935

A

Good personal relations
Cooperation over Locarno treaty
Britan and Italy clashed over Corfu in 23

21
Q

Relationship with France 1935

A

Anti-fascist exiles settled in France
Mussolini sent OVRA agents
France possessed iredente lands

22
Q

Relationship with Germany 1935

A

Hitler admired Mussolini
Hitler withdrew from LON in 33
Tension over austria

23
Q

Reasons for invasion of Abyssinia

A

Bring prestige, create Roman Empire
Take advantage of good relationships (stresa)
Win respect

24
Q

How successful was Abyssinia positively

A

Mussolini portrayed as a leader standing up to the world
Royal family and church supported M
Won respect of Hitler

25
Q

How successful was the invasion of Abyssinia negatively

A

High costs (budget deficit 16billion lira), 10,000 Italian deaths
International shock at methods used in the war
Rift with britain and France

26
Q

Reasons for the Spanish civil war

A

Right wing nationalists wouldn’t accept the left wing gov
Franco led a rebellion
Mussolini and Hitler joined on Francos side

27
Q

Mussolini’s aims for Spanish civil war

A

Prevent spread of communism
Stand shoulder to shoulder with Hitler
Demonstrate superiority of Italian military

28
Q

How much help did Mussolini give to the Spanish civil war

A

75,000 troops
950 tanks
Compared to only 16,000 troops from Hitler

29
Q

What happened during Spanish civil war

A

1937 Italian forces defeated at Guadalajara
Franco won in 39
Italian forces sunk submarines sailing to ports in the Mediterranean

30
Q

Results of Spanish civil war

A

War lost Mussolini support
Mussolini gained no territory
Italys commercial dependence on Germany began
Weakened Italian afmy

31
Q

Reasons for strengthening relationship with Germany

A

Italy didn’t have free access to oceans, had to rely on German resources (Rome Berlin axis tried to resolve this problem
Germany took advantage of Italys weak economy after Spanish war
Britain and France cut ties with Italy

32
Q

Anti-Comintern pact 1937

A

Pact between Germany, Italy and Japan
Anti communism

33
Q

Anschluss with Austria 1938

A

Mussolini accepted the Anschluss
Hitler only gave him 2 days of warning

34
Q

Czechoslovakia invasion 1939

A

Hitler invaded czechoslovakia and Mussolini invaded Albania to show his power

35
Q

Pact of steel

A

1939 Italy and Germany strong pact of alliance
Needed Germany on side for Mediterranean goals
Italy began to mirror Nazi ideology
More economic support from Germany

36
Q

Nazi-soviet pact

A

1939 Germany broke anti-Comintern pact by signing Nazi soviet pact
Hitler invaded Poland without telling Mussolini
Mussolini broke pact of steel by declaring Italy non-belligerent

37
Q

Was the Rome Berlin axis a mistake?

A

The axis was a minor failure
Italy needed a stronger ally after failure of autarky
Mussolini’s switch to extremism made him unpopular

38
Q

Italys reasons for non-belligerence

A

Wanted to see what happened in the war, would join if looked like Germany would win
Italys military was not ready for war.

39
Q

What did Italy ask for to enter the war?

A

Mussolini sent Hitler a long list of resources he needed to join the war
His military was not prepared to join the war

Italy (8 decks)

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