Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Italy > Booklet 5: Consent And Control In The Fascist Dictatorship > Flashcards

Booklet 5: Consent And Control In The Fascist Dictatorship Flashcards

1
Q

Religious changes to the school curriculum

A

Compulsory RE in elementary schools 1923, secondary 1929
Takes support away from PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cult of Mussolini changes to curriculum

A

Portrait of M in every classroom
All pupils given notebook with M on cover, free copy of a biography
School began with raising flag, sang songs about M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Government intervention in curriculum

A

1926 101 history books banned
1928 one textbook introduced
All dialects banned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extreme gov intervention in schooling

A

1935 military education in secondary school
1936 lessons in fascism culture in elementary
1938 anti-semitism taught in schools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Control over teachers

A

1929 teachers took oath of loyalty
1933 all new teachers had to be fascist party members
1934 teachers to wear fascist uniform
1938 racial laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fascism in university

A

Generally left alone
By late 1930s students most likely to be fascist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What values did fascists want young people to have?

A

Blind obedience, discipline, patriotism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

GIL

A

Fascist youth
From age 1 to 18
Combines with ONB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bailla

A

8-14
Physical training and encourage fascist beliefs
Prepare for military life
People were motivated by the social aspects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

14+ youth

A

Training for military life
18+ royal army or blackshirts
Access to jobs
Girls were less likely to go to school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

OND

A

Provided workers with social, sports opportunities
Worked as welfare organisation providing relief in times of need
1939 over 4 mil members
One of the most popular aspects of fascism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Imagery of cult of Il Duce

A

Viewed as god like, julias ceased comparisons
Can do and be everything
Everyman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Purpose of the cult

A

Portray him as a leader with immense ability
Leading Italy to greatness
Contained contradictions to appeal to different grouos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Weaknesses of his style of leadership

A

Image was more popular than ideologies
The image would be hard to maintain without mussolini

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How were newspapers used by fascism

A

Encouraged positive images of mussolini
Could confiscate any newspapers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Successes of newspaper censoring

A

Shut down all left wing newspapers
Independent newspapers were allowed under strict supervision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did fascism use art

A

Art wasn’t subjected to censorship
Mussolini linked to heir of Augustus, rebuilding Italy
Lots of debate, no consensus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cinema used by fascism

A

American films were popular
Ministry of popular culture was never very sophisticated and had difficulty with films
All films began with 20min news reel about M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Architecture used by fascism

A

Modelled on neo-classical roman style
Promoting the idea of ancient Rome into Italian society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How did Mussolini control economic interest groups?

A

Licensing system to protect small shop owners from large supermarkets
Pallazo vidoni pact protected businesses from strikes and banned other trade unions
Fascist syndicalists were in favour of policies that gained support from working classes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rocco law 1926

A

Trade unions banned
New law court set up to deal with political offences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How did mussolini control the PNF

A

Farinacci purged the fascists
Turati ensured the PNF became nothing more than a means to fulfil Mussolini’s personal policies
Replaced party members with 800,000 new fascists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How did the PNF restrict Mussolini’s power

A

The violence was concerning to M, hindered his ability to stay in power
Overall, they supported his views

24
Q

How did mussolini control the monarchy and elites?

A

Let existing elites become Podestas
M granted himself the same military powers as the king
Invasion of Ethiopia and Albania gave the king more land

25
Q

What powers did the fascist grand council give themselves? 1928

A

Took kings ability to elect future PMs, self granted
Power to advise monarch as well as fix monarchy line

26
Q

How did mussolini control central and local gov?

A

Parliament was made up of 400 fascists
M appointed top PNF leaders to create laws to be debated by FGC

27
Q

What restrictions did the FGC have for Mussolini?

A

Everything had to be discussed and approved by them
1932, 148 senators were not members of PNF

28
Q

What were the problems Mussolini faced after the peak of his popularity?

A

Economic issues, concern about relationship with Germany
Mussolini’s inability to fulfil his promises

29
Q

What were the features of the anti-Semitic decrees?

A

Forbade Jewish people from marrying ‘pure’ Italians
Couldn’t own more than 50 hectares of land
Couldn’t run businesses with more than 100 employees

30
Q

What influenced Mussolini in establishing the decrees?

A

Nazis were pursuing a harder line on German Jews
No evidence Hitler pressures Mussolini
Anti-Semitic policies may have influenced italy

31
Q

What was the reform of customs?

A

Ideological campaign that forced all civil servants to wear uniforms, and army to adopt goose step

32
Q

How did Italians respond to anti semitic decrees?

A

Reform of customs was ridiculed by Italian people, believed they were simply copying Germany

33
Q

Relationship with church after anti semitic decrees

A

Church publicly opposed some of the policies
Pope was concerned about the ban on marriage, however he died before properly condemning the decrees

34
Q

Relationship with other countries after anti semitic decrees

A

Britain and France were concerned about Italys clear strengthening relationship with Germany and change in ideology

35
Q

Mussolini and the fascist party after anti semitic decrees

A

Mussolini’s Jewish mistress was deported
Much of the fascist officials were not persecuted by the decrees

36
Q

Radicalisation in fascist Italy after the anti semitic decrees

A

PNF appeared to be Pershing a more radical policy that was pushing Italy in a dangerous and concerning direction

37
Q

Key aspects of Lateran Pacts

A

Giving the pope the Vatican City
Provided the pope with 750 million lire and 1,000 million in state bonds as compensation for lost territories
Catholic action allowed to continue
Catholicism recognised as sole religion in Italy

38
Q

Who gained the most from Lateran Pacts?

A

The church- money, youth group, bonds, estate, a country
Mussolini- solved Roman question, gained a lot of support

39
Q

Plebiscite 1929

A

90% of voters attended
98% voted in favour of M
Impact of Lateran

40
Q

Impact of Lateran on Mussolini

A

Political support from church
Popular overseas
Support in rural areas

41
Q

Impact of Lateran on church

A

Involved in everyday life of fascism
Own newspaper (l’osservatore romano)

42
Q

Dispute over catholic action 1931

A

CA had 250,000 members
Allowed to continue as long as no political activities or sport
Concession from M

43
Q

Salvemini

A

Spoke out against Matteotti murder
Criticised fascist regime
Prison for 1 month

44
Q

Gramsci

A

Head of PCI, sent to 20 years in prison
Released in 1934 for health reasons
Died 3 years later

45
Q

Gobotti and amendola

A

Anti-fascist journalists
Died in France in 1926 from back shirt attack

46
Q

Rosselli brothers

A

Anti fascists who set up a volunteer army in France
Organised anti fascist soldiers during Spanish civil war
Murdered by French fascists

47
Q

Anti-fascists in exile

A

Many politicians left Italy
Published books of the horrors of fascism
Literature smuggled into Italy

48
Q

Anti fascist propaganda

A

Underground printing of propaganda
Secret press had success in the north

49
Q

Anti-fascist Strikes and demonstrations

A

Turin march 1943, major strike quickly gained concessions
Bologna 1930 protests about closing soup kitchens
Trieste 1933 protest about food shortages

50
Q

Anti fascist ethnic minorities

A

Protests against imposition of Italian language and culture on German and Slav minorities

51
Q

Anti fascist expression of criticism

A

Growing public criticism of fascist violence
Intellectual criticism

52
Q

The communist party

A

Some success in the north, infiltration of factories and trade unions to form strikes and demonstrations

53
Q

OVRA

A

Around 5,000 informers operating in Italy
Successful in stopping antifascist groups
Infiltrated fascist unions

54
Q

Confino

A

Around 10,000 Italians sent into confino and hundreds of arrests every week for anti fascist activity

55
Q

What could anti fascism result in?

A

Loss of benefits, unemployment, lack of progression for children at school

56
Q

Why was opposition limited?

A

Italian people used fascism in a way that it would work for them, resistance wasn’t popular and it was tolerable for the general population.

57
Q

Political police

A

Broke up antifascist organisations
Organised assassination of rosselli brothers

Italy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions