Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Booklet 4 : History Of Health > Flashcards

Booklet 4 : History Of Health Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who did St Mary’s Hospital send to study infections in wounded soldiers during WWI?

A

Alexander Fleming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What germ caused septicaemia infections?

A

Staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did Fleming discover penicillin in 1928?

A

By chance. Mould formed in one of his petri dishes whicle he was on holiday. It had killed the germ inside.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What test did Fleming fail to do which would have proved useful?

A

He failed to inject penicillin into the blood stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who developed the work of Fleming?

A

Florey and Chain who started to experiment on mice and humans in 1941.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who did Florey and Chain first experiment on?

A

A policeman who had an infection from a rose. After initial improvement he died as there wasn’t enough antobiotic available.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How did war affect penicillin?

A

War spread up production due to large injury rates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe penicillin use during World War Two?

A

In 1943 1,000 soldiers were helped but by 1945 250,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What percentage of soldiers would have died without penicillin during WWII?

A

15 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did the government help with penicillin production after WWII?

A

There was a huge sponsored programme to produce the wonder drug and it was used to treat diseases such as bronchitis wounds, abscesses and tonsillitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name three other antibiotics produced after penicillin?

A

Streptomycin for treating TB, Tetracyline for skin infections and Mitomycin used against cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which drug for sleeping resulted in the birth of babies with porly formed limbs?

A

Thalidomide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name two antibiotic resistant superbugs?

A

MRSA and Norovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When was the first open heart surgery performed?

A

1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the first open heart surgery performed?

A

1950

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When was the first kidney transplant in the UK?

A

1960

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was the first hip replacement performed in Britain?

A

1972

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When were MRI scans first used?

A

1987

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When was the first full face transplant?

A

2008

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 4 examples of alternative medicine.

A

Hydrotherapy, aromatheraphy, hypnotherapy, acupuncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During World War One, what did CCS stand for?

A

Casualty Clearing Stations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List 4 technological improvements in medicine during World War One?

A

Mobile xray units, blood transfusions, skin grafts, the Thomas splint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many men suffered from shell shock during World War One?

A

80,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who developed the talking cure for shellshock?

A

William Rivers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who developed new techniques in skin grafts?

A

Harold Gillies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In what year were different blood groups discovered?

A

1901

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When anticoagulant was added to blood and how long would it last?

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

During World War Two, how many blood doners were used?

A

700,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was known as the Spanish Lady?

A

The influenza pandemic 1918 to 1919

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How many people died in the flu pandemic 1918 to 1919?

A

20-40 million (mostly 20-40 year olds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How many people died from the 1918 flu pandemic in the UK?

A

280,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was the name of the world’s first test tube baby?

A

Louise Brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What type of surgery allows you to rejoin nerves and blood vessels?

A

Micro surgery

34
Q

In what year was DNA discovered?

A

1953

35
Q

What scans allow surgeons to see inside the body?

A

CAT scans and MRI scans

36
Q

Which war highlighted the poor health British workers?

A

Boer War

37
Q

Name two social investigators who highlighted the problems of poverty?

A

Rowntree and Booth

38
Q

Which political party was elected in 1906 promising social reform?

A

Liberal Party

39
Q

What reform did the Liberals introduce to improve children’s health?

A

Free School Meals 1906, School medical inspections 1907, Children’s Act 1908 and School Clinics 1912

40
Q

Which Liberal reform helped sick workers avoid starvation?

A

National Insurance Act Part 1 1911

41
Q

Which Liberal reform helped the elderly?

A

Pensions Act 1909

42
Q

Who wrote a report about the state of Britain during World War Two?

A

Sir William Beveridge 1942

43
Q

How many copies of the Beveridge Report were sold in the first month?

A

100,000

44
Q

What did Beveridge say were the 5 giants of poverty?

A

Disease, want or need, ignorance, idleness and squalor or poor living conditions

45
Q

When was the National Health Service or NHS set up?

A

4th July, 1948

46
Q

How many new towns were built by 1948 and how many council homes build per year?

A

12 new towns and 280,000 council homes per year

47
Q

Before the NHS, how many people had never seen a doctor?

A

8 million

48
Q

How has life expectancy changed for men and women since 1948?

A

Women from 66 to 83 and men from 64 to 79

49
Q

When were charges first introduced for the NHS?

A

1952 charges for glasses introduced, prescriptions cost 1 shilling and dental treatment cost 1 pound

50
Q

In December 1952, how many people were affected by the killer smog?

A

12,000 people died and 100,000 were taken ill

51
Q

When did the government pass the Clean Air Acts?

A

1956 and 1968 which tried to reduce the number of coal fires

52
Q

When was smoking in public places banned and smoking in cars with a child passenger?

A

2007 public places and 2015 in cars with a child passenger

53
Q

By 2014, how many people had died from AIDS?

A

40 million

54
Q

How many in people in Britain currently have AIDS?

A

100,000

55
Q

Why was smallpox so feared by the public?

A

Left people blind and scarred

56
Q

What did people think caused smallpox?

A

miasma

57
Q

What practice/idea did Lady Mary Montagu bring back from a holiday in Istanbul in 1792?

A

innoculation

58
Q

Who invented vaccination?

A

Edward Jenner

59
Q

What two word French term best sums up government attitudes in 19th Century?

A

Laissez faire

60
Q

What did Louis Pasteur prove?

A

Germ Theory

61
Q

When did Louis Pasteur publish his theory?

A

1861

62
Q

Who developed the idea of ‘magic bullets’?

A

Paul Ehrlich

63
Q

Give 2 reasons why rapid urbanisation caused disease?

A

poor housing, cellar living,overcrowding, no access to clean water, no sewage systems

64
Q

When was the first cholera epidemic in Britain?

A

1831-32

65
Q

Who published a Report on the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population in 1842?

A

Edwin Chadwick

66
Q

Why was the first Public Health Act not good enough?

A

Because it was note enforced/compulsory

67
Q

When was the first Public Health Act passed?

A

1848

68
Q

When was the second Public Health Act passed?

A

1875

69
Q

How did Florence Nightingale help the medical profession?

A

By improving the hygiene in hospitals and making nursing professional

70
Q

What body was set up in 1858 to oversee the medical profession as a result of scandals?

A

General Medical Council

71
Q

What does the word anaesthetic mean?

A

Pain relief

72
Q

Why did some surgeons believe that pain relief was not necessary during operations?

A

They wanted the patients appreciate the work that the surgeon did/religious arguments

73
Q

What did James Simpson try out on his friends?

A

Chloroform

74
Q

What was the problem with nitrous oxide?

A

Difficult to get the dose right

75
Q

Why did the invention of anaesthetics cause more people to die on the operating table?

A

Because surgeons did more risky operations going deep into the body which increased the
risk of infection

76
Q

What acid did Joseph Lister use in the operating room?

A

Carbolic

77
Q

How did John Snow prove his theories about the spread of cholera?

A

Mapped the location of each death in his area, worked out that the water pump in Broad Street was the cause

78
Q

How did John Snow prevent further cholera deaths in his area?

A

Persuaded the authorities to remove the handle of the pump so no water could be drawn

79
Q

Give 2 reasons why public health was difficult to achieve in the earlier 19th Century?

A

Because people didn’t want to pay higher taxes, because the government didn’t want to get involved, because people believed that it was each person’s responsibility

80
Q

Why was the second Public Health Act better than the first?

A

local council were forced to provide clean water, appoint medical officers of health and sanitary inspectors, cover sewers, keep sewers in good condition, collect rubbish, provide street lighting

81
Q

What was the ‘Great Stink’?

A

Dry weather combined with raw sewage created unbearable smell in London

History (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions