Booklet 4 Flashcards
define a knobstick
immigrant and local workers who refused to dtrike, undermining trade unions
what did early trade unions provide
basic protection
what did early trade unuons practice
“closed shop” meaning jobs were only given to union members
when did the early trade union- the london printers make a change
1793
what did the london printers do in 1793
petition to their masters for an increase of wages
how many sugnitures did the london petitioners gain
539
why were early trade unions succsessful
because they focused on skilled workers and their skills were scarce
what did 18th century trade unions do
organise a benefit club to assist unemployed or sick members
acted as a treasurer
what threatened the “house of call”
acts of 1719 and the combinations acts 1799 and 1800
in 1830 how many co-ops were there
300
what happened in tolpuddle
the farm workers trade union was broken by having all of its leaders tra nsported to aus
how much was subscribed to the cutters and weavers union strike fund
£15,000
how many union members did the grad national union claim to have
1 million
what happened due to the murder of backlegs
1838 5 glasgow cotton spinners were transported
what did the leader of the national association for the protection of labour do
he fled with the funds
when were apprenteships abolished
1809
what was the attempt at uniting the trade unions called
philanthropic hercules
when did the philanthropic hercules fail
1818
in what two years dod the lancashire cotton spinners strike
1810 and 1818
how long did the 1810 strike last
4 months
when was a general trades union established
1834
what was the main cause of the “grand nationals” fail
“the document”
what did “the document” do
meant that employees had to sign to not be in a trade unuion
of the 1m grand national members how many paid the fees
16,000
in 1834 what happend to mill workers in derby
they were locked out of their work and the grnd national did not fund them
when did the “grand national” fall
1835
when did the combinations act pass
1799
who passed the combinations act
william pitt
what did the combinations act do
sped up the process by allowing summery trials before a justice of the peace (made trade unions illegal)
when was the combinations act ammended
1800
what did the 1800 amendment of the combnations act do
allowed local court appeals
what happened dispite the combi ations act
trade unionism continuied to grow
what act meant that the combinations act was barely used
the 1797 unlawful oaths act
why were the combinations acts in place
because britain was scared of france- once the napoleonic threat was diminished 1815 the acts were ignored
when were the combinations acts repealed
1824
in 1820 what were food prices like
they were 1/3rd lower
when was the masters and servents act
1823
what did the masters and servants act do
breaking of a conract became a ounishable offence
how many prosecutions were there on average in scotland and wales in 1857-1875
10,000
between what two dates were there on average 10,000 prosecutions due to the masters and servent act
1857-1875
when were unions made legal
1825
in 1830 how many cooprative trading associations were there
300
name the three levels of workers
master
journeyman
apprentice
how many members were actually paid in the grand national union
160,000
what was the name of the best attempt of an early national trade union
the grand national
what did employers use to overcome the problem of a union
the document
when were combinations acts repealed
1824
in 1750 and 1850 what was britains population
6 million increased to
17 million
between what two years did population grow dfrom 6m to 17m
1750-1850
when was the war with the french republic
1793
what was unionism like before 1834
it was a failure
when did new model unionism emerge
1850
what emerged in 1850
New model unionism
what was the most important trade union to emerge after 1850
the amalgamated society of enginees
when was the ASE founded
1851
what three unions made up the ASE
old mechanics
steam engine makers society
general smiths
who were ‘new model’ unions set up for
the skilled workers
who was the ASE led by
william allan
who was formally in charge of the ASE
the executive council
who managed the general day-to-day affairs of the ASE
the general secratery
in 1852 how much was ASE making p.a.
12,000
when was ASE making 12,000 p.a.
1852
what did ASE have a membership of
12,000
what was one of the most influential actions of the ASE
london builders going on strike
when did the london builders go on strike
1859- 60
how much did ASE donate to the builders strike fund
three donations of £1,000
When were combination acts repealed
1824
Which politicians repealed the combinations acts?
Peel and Hume
What were the Combination Acts, and when were they introduced?
Laws passed in 1799 and 1800 that banned trade unions.
When were the Combination Acts repealed?
1824
Who founded the 1829 General Union of Operative Spinners?
John Doherty.
What legal act in 1859 gave workers the right to peacefully picket?
The Molestation of Workmen Act.
What was the working week before the 1833 Factory Act?
6 days a week, 14-hour days.
What was the typical wage cut for arriving late to work in factories?
Fines of 2 hours’ wages for 10 minutes late, or loss of 1/5 daily wage for being caught talking.
What was the ‘Grand National’ and when was it formed?
A large-scale national union formed in 1834.
many real paying members did the ‘Grand National’ have?
Only 16,000.
What document were workers forced to sign to renounce union membership?
The ‘document’.
What happened to 1500 mill workers in Derby in 1834?
They were locked out for failing to leave their union.
Who were the Tolpuddle Martyrs, and when were they sentenced?
A group of farm workers transported in 1834 for forming a trade union.
When did the Trades Union Congress (TUC) form?
1868.
When did London printers secure wage increases through petitions?
1790
What year did the cotton spinners strike in Manchester?
1810 and 1818
Which strike in 1818 spread nationwide and threatened a general strike?
The machine workers strike
What year wads the master and Servant act past?
1823
Which union was founded in 1851 marking the start of model unionism?
The amalgamated Society of engineers (ASE)
Who led the ASE?
William Allen
By 1860 how many members did the ASE have?
12,000
When was the amalgamated Society of carpenters and joiners founded? (ASCJ)
1860
What year was the Royal commission on trade unions formed?
1867
What was the significance of the 1867 reform act for trade unions?
It allowed many working class men to vote increasing their political power
Who established the new Lanarc model village and when?
Robert Owen from 1799 to 1829
How what working hours did Robert Owen introduce at new Lanark?
10 hours per day, which was later reduced to 8
How many cooperative shops existed in Britain by 1832?
500
By what year were there 500 cooperative shops in Britain?
1832
How much money did Robert Owen announce for cooperative development in 1834?
£300,000
When was the Rochdale Pioneers cooperative formed?
1844
What year was the cooperative wholesale Society formed?
1863
When was the friendly Society’s act passed?
1793
By 1803 what percentage of the population were members of friendly societies?
8%
What was the estimated friendly Society membership by 1815?
1 million
What were the combination acts from 1799 to 1800?
Laws that prevent prevented workers from organising for the better wages and conditions effectively banning trade unionism
When were the combination acts repealed and what happens next?
They were appealed in 1824 leading to increased union activity however new restrictions were introduced in 1825 to limit further strikes
What was the master and servant act 1823?
It made breaking work contract, a criminal offence heavily favouring employers over workers
When was the master and servant act?
1823
Who were the Tolpuddle Martyrs and why were they significant? And when?
In 1834 six agricultural workers who were sentenced to transportation for forming a trade union sparked national protest and increasing support for workers rights
How did the 1867 amendment to the master and servant act affect workers?
It’s reduce the criminal ation of workers for contract breaches, giving them more legal protection
What was the Grand National consolidated trade union and when?
It was an early attempt at a national trade union in 1834 but it failed due to employer resistance and lack of funds
When and where were the first trade union Congress held?
In 1868 in Manchester marking a major step towards national trade union coordination
What did the trade union act achieve and when was it?
In 1871 it legalised trade unions and protected them from being sued for organising strikes
What were the key features of new model unionism?
It focused on skilled workers had high membership fees and emphasised collective bargaining rather than strikes
Name some important trade unions
The amalgamated Society of carpenters and joiners 1860
The amalgamated Society of Taylor’s 1866
What was Robert Owens vision for the cooperative movement?
He believed in self-sufficient communities improving working conditions and worker owned businesses
Who were the Rochdale Pioneers and when and what did they do?
The Rochdale Pioneers in 1844 were a group that set up a cooperative store with fair prices, profit sharing and quality goods laying the foundation for the modern cooperative movement
What was the purpose of the cooperative wholesale society in 1863?
It allowed cooperative to buy in bulk reducing cost and expanding their influence
What did the friendly societies act in 1875 do?
It gave friendly societies, legal recognition and protections helping workers pull resources for financial security
