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Natural Science > Booklet 2 nov 2024 > Flashcards

Booklet 2 nov 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Chemical digestion and Mechanical digestion.

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2
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Chemical digestion is the breakdown of foods from a complex insoluble food to a simple soluble substance.

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3
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physical breakdown of large particles into smaller particles to increase the surface area for attachment of more enzymes.

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4
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Chemical compound that speeds up chemical reaction.

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5
Q

Why do we need food?

A

Food is converted by oxygen into energy for your body.

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6
Q

Why do we need a good diet?

A

A good balanced diet helps maintain your strength and fitness and promote a healthy immune system.

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7
Q

What are the food groups?

A

Carbohydrates give you energy, calcium and B vitamins.
Proteins help it grow and repair itself.
Dairy keep our bones and teeth healthy.
Fruits and Vegetables They’re full of health-giving vitamins, antioxidants and fibre.
Fats and sugar they give us a lot of energy from calories but not much nutrition.

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8
Q

What’s indigestion?

A

Intake of food through the mouth.

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9
Q

What is digestion?

A

breakdown of food in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.

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10
Q

What is Absorbtion?

A

Nutrients taken by blood system in the small intestine.

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11
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

When the nutrients become part of the cell.

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12
Q

What is Excretion?

A

removal of undigested food through the Anus.

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13
Q

What is teeth?

A

Teeth bite and chew food, breaking the food into smaller pieces.

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14
Q

How do we identify the number of teeth someone has?

A

By looking at the dental formula.

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15
Q

What is the dental formula?

A

2123 over 2123 x 2

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16
Q

what the four types of teeth?

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars and Molars.

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17
Q

What are the incisors?

A

The sharp, chisel-shaped front teeth used for cutting food.

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18
Q

What are the Canines?

A

Pointed teeth beside the incisors used for tearing and ripping food.

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19
Q

What are the Premolars?

A

Located next to the canines, used for crushing and grinding food.

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20
Q

What are the molars?

A

Back teeth used for grinding and chewing food including the wisdom teeth, which are the last molars at the back of the mouth.

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21
Q

What is the tongue?

A

A digestive organ, your tongue moves around food around your mouth to help you chew and swallow. it also helps you make different sounds so you can speak.

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22
Q

Where are the three salivary glands located?

A

In front of the ears, under the tongue and in the lower.

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23
Q

What is saliva?

A

made up of water and contains enzyme, salivary amylase that breaks down the starch. makes food soft and moist for swallowing.

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24
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

delivers the bolus of food and liquid to your oesophagus, which sends them onto your stomach. Pharynx also makes sure your food and liquid doesn’t tumble into your trachea or lungs.

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25
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

The oesophagus is a muscular tube that transports food to your stomach.

26
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of involuntary/smooth muscles surrounding the oesophagus.

27
Q

What is the stomach?

A

a sack-like structure made up of muscular walls.

28
Q

What does the food enter the stomach through?

A

Oesophageal valve

29
Q

What prevents the contents of the stomach from going back up?

A

The oesophageal sphincter.

30
Q

What type of digestion happens in the stomach?

A

The thick muscular wall contracts and mixes the food in the process called churning which is mechanical digestion.

31
Q

What does the stomach wall also secrete?

A

Gastric juices which is a liquid containing enzymes and hydrochlorich acid.

32
Q

What are gastric ulcers?

A

also known as stomach ulcers, are painful sores in the stomach lining. occur when the thick layer of mucus that protects your stomach from digestive juices is reduced. this allows the digestive acids to eat away at the tissue that line the stomach, causing an ulcer.

33
Q

What does the small intestine perform?

A

Performs the final digestion and absorption of the food into the bloodstream.

34
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum and the ileum.

35
Q

What is the Duodenum?

A

the first part of the small intestine that the stomach feeds into.

36
Q

What is the Jejunum?

A

Middle section that makes up the remaining length.

37
Q

What is the ileum?

A

the last part and longest section of the small intestine. the walls of the intestine begin to thin and narrow, and the blood supply is reduced. the thin narrow structure allows food to spend the most time in the ileum, where the most nutrients are absorbed.

38
Q

What is villi and what does it do?

A

Assists in absorption by increasing the surface area of the small intestine (ileum) to maximise absorption.

39
Q

What are tiny finger like projects?

A

Villi

40
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

the terminal part of the alimentary canal. undigested food moves from the small intestine into the large intestine.

41
Q

What allows for easier movement of waste products in the large intestine?

A

Mucous glands will secrete mucus.

42
Q

What is the rectum and where is it placed?

A

The rectum is the last part of the large intestine that stores faeces temporarily until it is passed out through the opening called the anus.

43
Q

What is the anus?

A

the anus is the opening at the end of the digestive system controlled by the sphincter.

44
Q

Would the removal of undigested food be considered Egestion or Excretion?

A

Egestion because it is undigested and not a product of the metabolism.

45
Q

What organs play a role in the digestive system but are not part of the digestive system?

A

Pancreas, liver and the gallbladder.

46
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

The pancreas is located below the stomach and connected to the small intestine via a small tube called duct.

47
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

A

Pancreatic juice.

48
Q

What does the pancreas juice do?

A

this digestive juice contains enzymes for chemical digestion. this juice helps neutralise the very acidic chyme when it enters the small intestine, also helps digest proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

49
Q

What does insulin do?

A

a hormone that regulates the sugar concentration of the blood.

50
Q

What and where is the liver located?

A

Largest organ in the human body and is located to the right of the stomach. The liver detoxifies the blood by breaking down toxins such as alcohol.

51
Q

What does the liver produce and where is it stored?

A

Bile and it is stored in the gallbladder.

52
Q

What is bile?

A

Bile contains bile salts which is very important to emulsify fats(breaking down). Bile helps neutralise the acidic chyme when it enters the small intestine

53
Q

Where and what is the gallbladder?

A

located between the lobes of the liver. stores bile produced by the liver.

54
Q

What are some diseases associated with this system?

A

Irritable bowel syndrome.
Inflammatory bowel disease.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
celiac disease.

55
Q

What is Irritable bowel syndrome?

A

‘functional disorder’. IBS is a problem with the movement of the digestive system tract rather than a result of damage to the tissue.

56
Q

What is Inflammatory bowel disease?

A

refers to two conditions (Chrons disease and ulcerative colitis) characterised by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract that results in damage to the GI tract.

57
Q

What is Beri-Beri?

A

Lack of vitamin. symptoms can be inflammation of feet or legs and tingling.

58
Q

What is Kwashiorkor?

A

Diet high in carbohydrates but low in protein. Symptoms can be Swollen abdomen, loss of patches of skin and stick like arms and legs.

59
Q

What is Marasmus?

A

A general lack of food. Symptoms can be very little fats under skin, poor growth and little to no muscle.

60
Q

What is rickets?

A

Lack of vitamin and calcium. Symptoms can be bow shaped legs and soft bones.

Natural Science (5 decks)

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