Booklet 1 Italy

Question 1

Positives of Secret Societies (3)

Answer 1

• Advocated for more civil liberties
• Most did not want foreign occupation
• spread nationwide

Question 2

Negatives of Secret Societies (4)

Answer 2

• small scattered groups
• did not want to collaborate
• different ideologies
• didn’t reach the south due to regional differences

Question 3

Who abdicated because of the 1830 French Revolution? Who replaced him?

Answer 3

Charles X
Louis XVIII - more moderate

Question 4

Who led the 1830 revolution in Modena and Parma?

Answer 4

Misley

Question 5

Where did students start to riot in 1830?

Answer 5

Parma

Question 6

Who organised the 1830 revolt in the Papal States?

Answer 6

The professional classes who hated the Church

Question 7

What were the reasons for the failure of the 1830-32 Revolutions? (4)

Answer 7

• localised not national
• divided aims
• Austrian Army were too powerful
• relied too much on secret societies

Question 8

How did Dante contribute to Risorgimento?

Answer 8

Contributed to the development of Italian language

Question 9

How did Machiavelli contribute to Risorgimento?

Answer 9

Founder of the 19th century nationalist movement against the papacy

Question 10

By 1840s what industry still dominated Italy?

Answer 10

Agriculture

Question 11

What was life expectancy in Naples in the 1840s?

Answer 11

24

Question 12

What did the Reformisti push for in Italy?

Answer 12

Freedom from Austria and reform in Italy

Question 13

When were there poor harvests?

Answer 13

1820-1840

Question 14

When was Young Italy formed?

Answer 14

1831

Question 15

When did Mazzini attempt to invade Savoy?

Answer 15

1834

Question 16

How many YI members?

Answer 16

50,000

Question 17

What did Mazzini attempt to do in Piedmont?

Answer 17

Start a mutiny
Was crushed by CA

Question 18

When did the Bandiera brothers attempt an uprising in Naples? How many members? What was the result?

Answer 18

1844
19 members
Were both shot

Question 19

What are the successes for YI? (3)

Answer 19

• Attracted Garibaldi in 1831
• YI kept the calls for unity alive
• Mazzini wrote thousands of revolutionary articles

Question 20

What are the failures for YI? (4)

Answer 20

• Mazzini was absent from Italy for 40 years
• He ignored the peasants
• His 1821/31 revolts failed
• His radical attitudes made foreign powers hesitant

Question 21

What were the social barriers to unification? (3)

Answer 21

• 90% of population Catholic
• only 2.5% of people speak Italian
• class divides between N/S

Question 22

What were the economic barriers to unification? (3)

Answer 22

• N/S divide (Lombardy richest state)
• 22 customs stops along river Po
• Reactionary Papal States

Question 23

What were the political barriers to Unification? (2)

Answer 23

• states governed by completely different rulers (CA vs Ferdinand I)
• all states except Tuscany and Parma seen as reactionary

Question 24

How many members in the Carbonari?

Answer 24

60,000

Question 25

Who led the Federati?

Answer 25

Confalcineri

Question 26

Where did Spillo Negro operate from?

Answer 26

Papal States

Question 27

What did Balbo argue for?

Answer 27

Federation led by CA

Question 28

What did Gioberti argue for?

Answer 28

Wanted federation under Pius IX

Question 29

What did d’Azeglio argue for? What book did he publish and what did it say?

Answer 29

Wanted CA to rule “On recent events in Romagna” (1846) Revolution from above

Question 30

How did growth of liberalism cause the 1848 revolution?

Answer 30

-1847 Statuto created by CA - Piedmont becomes nationalist hot spot

Question 31

How did the reforms from the pope cause the 1848 revolution? (5)

Answer 31

- elected in 1846 and released 2000 political prisoners - “o sommo pius” chanted in street - entered customs union with Tuscany and Piedmont - abolished press censorship - 1847 declared distaste for Austria

Question 32

How did socioeconomic problems cause the 1848 revolutions? (4)

Answer 32

-90% of population involved in subsistence farming - 1846-47 maize shortages - Milan: overcrowding - 1846 cholera outbreak caused 65,000 deaths

Question 33

How did unpopularity of Austria cause the 1848 revolutions? (4)

Answer 33

- United nationalists - 1/3 of taxes for Austrian Empire came from Lombardy/Venitia - July 1847: troops in Ferrara led to the pope declaring “Lord bless Italia” - March 1848: Venetia declared itself a republic

Question 34

What successes happened in Sicily during the 1848 revolution? When?

Answer 34

Jan 1848 - city taken over and 1812 constitution demanded to be restored

Question 35

What successes happened in Naples during the 1848 revolution? When?

Answer 35

-Jan 1848 Notorious Bourbon officials killed -King met demands for 1820 constitutions

Question 36

What successes happened in Tuscany and Rome during the 1848 revolution? When?

Answer 36

Feb 1848 Both granted constitution

Question 37

What successes happened in Vienna during the 1848 revolution? When?

Answer 37

- March 1848 - Metternich resigns following defeat in Vienna

Question 38

What successes happened in Milan during the 1848 revolution? When?

Answer 38

‘March 18th Five Glorious Days’ - 10,000 people presenting demands for reforms

Question 39

When did CA declare war on Austria?

Answer 39

March 22

Question 40

When did Pius issue his Papal allocation?

Answer 40

April 29th

Question 41

When was CA crushed at Custozza?

Answer 41

July 24th

Question 42

When did Pius call for foreign reinforcements? Who came?

Answer 42

April 1849 Napoleon sent Oudiant with 20,000 troops

Question 43

When was the peace treaty signed between Austria and a Piedmont?

Answer 43

August 1849

Question 44

What happened in Modena during the 1830 Revolution?

Answer 44

Revolutionaries took over and established a provisional government

Question 45

What was the result of Modena and Parma 1830?

Answer 45

Francis IV returned with Austrian Army and crushed the radicals in March 1831

Question 46

What happened in the Papal States 1830-32 rev?

Answer 46

1831 - Bologna “the government of the Italian provinces was formed” but refused to send help to Modena. Austrian Army then defeated them

Question 47

What failures happened in the 1848 Sicily revolt?

Answer 47

September - Ferdinand bombs Sicily for 3 days (King Bomba) and parliament surrenders

Question 48

What failures happened in Naples 1848 revolt?

Answer 48

May 1849, Ferdinand’s autocratic rule is re-established

Question 49

What failures happened in the Tuscany 1848 rev?

Answer 49

April 1849 - Piedmontese defeat in Novara - decrease in radicalism so Leopold returns

Question 50

What failures happen in the 1848 rev in Rome?

Answer 50

July - 20,000 French troops enter the city during the siege of Rome despite being held off by Garibaldi for 2 months. Pope returns 1850

Question 51

Failures of Piedmont rev 1848

Answer 51

July 48 - crushed at Custozza March 1849, crushed at Novara, CA resigned