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history revision 🥲 > Booklet 1 Italy > Flashcards

Booklet 1 Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Positives of Secret Societies (3)

A
  • Advocated for more civil liberties
  • Most did not want foreign occupation
  • spread nationwide
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2
Q

Negatives of Secret Societies (4)

A
  • small scattered groups
  • did not want to collaborate
  • different ideologies
  • didn’t reach the south due to regional differences
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3
Q

Who abdicated because of the 1830 French Revolution? Who replaced him?

A

Charles X
Louis XVIII - more moderate

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4
Q

Who led the 1830 revolution in Modena and Parma?

A

Misley

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5
Q

Where did students start to riot in 1830?

A

Parma

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6
Q

Who organised the 1830 revolt in the Papal States?

A

The professional classes who hated the Church

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7
Q

What were the reasons for the failure of the 1830-32 Revolutions? (4)

A
  • localised not national
  • divided aims
  • Austrian Army were too powerful
  • relied too much on secret societies
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8
Q

How did Dante contribute to Risorgimento?

A

Contributed to the development of Italian language

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9
Q

How did Machiavelli contribute to Risorgimento?

A

Founder of the 19th century nationalist movement against the papacy

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10
Q

By 1840s what industry still dominated Italy?

A

Agriculture

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11
Q

What was life expectancy in Naples in the 1840s?

A

24

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12
Q

What did the Reformisti push for in Italy?

A

Freedom from Austria and reform in Italy

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13
Q

When were there poor harvests?

A

1820-1840

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14
Q

When was Young Italy formed?

A

1831

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15
Q

When did Mazzini attempt to invade Savoy?

A

1834

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16
Q

How many YI members?

A

50,000

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17
Q

What did Mazzini attempt to do in Piedmont?

A

Start a mutiny
Was crushed by CA

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18
Q

When did the Bandiera brothers attempt an uprising in Naples? How many members? What was the result?

A

1844
19 members
Were both shot

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19
Q

What are the successes for YI? (3)

A
  • Attracted Garibaldi in 1831
  • YI kept the calls for unity alive
  • Mazzini wrote thousands of revolutionary articles
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20
Q

What are the failures for YI? (4)

A
  • Mazzini was absent from Italy for 40 years
  • He ignored the peasants
  • His 1821/31 revolts failed
  • His radical attitudes made foreign powers hesitant
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21
Q

What were the social barriers to unification? (3)

A
  • 90% of population Catholic
  • only 2.5% of people speak Italian
  • class divides between N/S
22
Q

What were the economic barriers to unification? (3)

A
  • N/S divide (Lombardy richest state)
  • 22 customs stops along river Po
  • Reactionary Papal States
23
Q

What were the political barriers to Unification? (2)

A
  • states governed by completely different rulers (CA vs Ferdinand I)
  • all states except Tuscany and Parma seen as reactionary
24
Q

How many members in the Carbonari?

A

60,000

25
Q

Who led the Federati?

A

Confalcineri

26
Q

Where did Spillo Negro operate from?

A

Papal States

27
Q

What did Balbo argue for?

A

Federation led by CA

28
Q

What did Gioberti argue for?

A

Wanted federation under Pius IX

29
Q

What did d’Azeglio argue for? What book did he publish and what did it say?

A

Wanted CA to rule
“On recent events in Romagna” (1846)
Revolution from above

30
Q

How did growth of liberalism cause the 1848 revolution?

A

-1847 Statuto created by CA
- Piedmont becomes nationalist hot spot

31
Q

How did the reforms from the pope cause the 1848 revolution? (5)

A
  • elected in 1846 and released 2000 political prisoners
  • “o sommo pius” chanted in street
  • entered customs union with Tuscany and Piedmont
  • abolished press censorship
  • 1847 declared distaste for Austria
32
Q

How did socioeconomic problems cause the 1848 revolutions? (4)

A

-90% of population involved in subsistence farming
- 1846-47 maize shortages
- Milan: overcrowding
- 1846 cholera outbreak caused 65,000 deaths

33
Q

How did unpopularity of Austria cause the 1848 revolutions? (4)

A
  • United nationalists
  • 1/3 of taxes for Austrian Empire came from Lombardy/Venitia
  • July 1847: troops in Ferrara led to the pope declaring “Lord bless Italia”
  • March 1848: Venetia declared itself a republic
34
Q

What successes happened in Sicily during the 1848 revolution? When?

A

Jan 1848
- city taken over and 1812 constitution demanded to be restored

35
Q

What successes happened in Naples during the 1848 revolution? When?

A

-Jan 1848
Notorious Bourbon officials killed
-King met demands for 1820 constitutions

36
Q

What successes happened in Tuscany and Rome during the 1848 revolution? When?

A

Feb 1848
Both granted constitution

37
Q

What successes happened in Vienna during the 1848 revolution? When?

A
  • March 1848
  • Metternich resigns following defeat in Vienna
38
Q

What successes happened in Milan during the 1848 revolution? When?

A

‘March 18th
Five Glorious Days’ - 10,000 people presenting demands for reforms

39
Q

When did CA declare war on Austria?

A

March 22

40
Q

When did Pius issue his Papal allocation?

A

April 29th

41
Q

When was CA crushed at Custozza?

A

July 24th

42
Q

When did Pius call for foreign reinforcements? Who came?

A

April 1849
Napoleon sent Oudiant with 20,000 troops

43
Q

When was the peace treaty signed between Austria and a Piedmont?

A

August 1849

44
Q

What happened in Modena during the 1830 Revolution?

A

Revolutionaries took over and established a provisional government

45
Q

What was the result of Modena and Parma 1830?

A

Francis IV returned with Austrian Army and crushed the radicals in March 1831

46
Q

What happened in the Papal States 1830-32 rev?

A

1831 - Bologna “the government of the Italian provinces was formed” but refused to send help to Modena. Austrian Army then defeated them

47
Q

What failures happened in the 1848 Sicily revolt?

A

September - Ferdinand bombs Sicily for 3 days (King Bomba) and parliament surrenders

48
Q

What failures happened in Naples 1848 revolt?

A

May 1849, Ferdinand’s autocratic rule is re-established

49
Q

What failures happened in the Tuscany 1848 rev?

A

April 1849 - Piedmontese defeat in Novara - decrease in radicalism so Leopold returns

50
Q

What failures happen in the 1848 rev in Rome?

A

July - 20,000 French troops enter the city during the siege of Rome despite being held off by Garibaldi for 2 months. Pope returns 1850

51
Q

Failures of Piedmont rev 1848

A

July 48 - crushed at Custozza
March 1849, crushed at Novara, CA resigned

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