Book1 Flashcards
988 Conversion of Vladimir, Prince of Russia
brought Christianity to Russia to unify people, spread thanks to monks
1054 The East/West Schism
East: Greek, marry, beards, uncomfortable with purgatory
1093 Anselm becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
Bright, young, restless so joined monastery, was exiled by greedy kings twice, was a compassionate shepherd and great theologian, came up with Satisfaction Theory of the Atonement, Scholastic: human reason demands God, therefore He exists
1095 Pope Urban II launches the first crusade
wanted to draw all of Christendom together with common enemy, really made schism worse, most successful, increased power of papacy
1115 Bernard Founds the Monastery at Clairvaux
monks were corrupted to left reform to Cistercian (Bernard), stressed need for personal relationship with Christ, encouraged self-denial, unlike scholastics, great emphasis on Mary, in world but not of it
1150 Universities of Paris and Oxford founded
Peter Abelard went into private practice of teaching students because the church couldn’t trust him, first university in Paris ADD MORE INFO PAGE 77
1173 Peter Waldo founds the Waldensians
objected to the path the Catholic Church was taking, $ for wife, daughters in convent, went on mission, he and followers excommunciated for not having authority to preach, orthodox but didn’t have approval of church, Pope Innocent III offered them back to church if submit to authorities, warmly embraced by Protestants
1206 Francis of Assisi Renounces Wealth
saw beggar with face of Christ, became beggar himself to beg for others, preached gospel of love and service, set up Franciscan Order and sought approval for it, criticized by Luther because based on works
1215 The Fourth Lateran Council
Innocent III claimed to be Christ’s representative on earth and wanted complete control over church and state, rule that everyone must annual take communion/confession, ability to punish heretics, pope alone could make bishops, Jews had to wear badges
1273 Thomas Aquinas completes work on Summa Theologica
wanted to become Dominican monk, idea that reason and revelation don’t contradict each other because both come from God
1321 Dante completes Divine Comedy
Epic of man through Inferno, Purgatory and Paradise as story of from sin to salvation, influenced by Thomas Aquinas
1378 Catherine of Siena goes to Rome to heal the Great Schism
great person, spiritual counsel, proved one woman could make a difference (didn’t work though), individual’s inner call from God
1380 John Wycliffe oversees the English Bible Translation
questioned a lot of the Catholic church: indulgences, church offices, pope’s authority, superstitious worship of saints etc followers (Lollards) preached gospel, forced to stop writing, though everyone should be allowed to read Bible
1415 John Hus burned at stake
followed Wycliffe’s view, emphasized Bible’s role (no pope/bishop could establish doctrine contrary to Bible), if a king/pope/bishop morally sins, no longer, refused to deny his teachings, burned at stake,
1456 Johann Gutenberg produces first printed Bible
Not available, wrong language, took too long to copy, relied on priest/pictures, books became available, boundary between pastor and parishioner broke down
1478 Establishment of the Spanish Inquisition
Innocent III laws against heretics, Innocent IV authorized torture, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella set up as inquisitors (inquisitor General Tomas de Torquemada), Protestant books were banned (never took hold in Spain)
1498 Savonarola executed
Dominican monk who spoke harshly against sin and prophesied the downfall of Florence, made new ruler and people gave up frivolous life style, Pope Alexander VI stopped him from preaching until he started being bad again then killed
1512 Michelangelo completes the Sistine Chapel
during the Renaissance, people focused more on the abilities of man and left the church a little, did not consider self a painter
1517 Luther posts his 95 Theses
church was very very corrupt (indulgences), Luther opposed, when Tetzel came to town he hung his theses, thought the pope would agree with him about it, but he issued a decree condemning his view and was ordered to retract his views (Council of Worms), set off feelings of independence in Germany, rift became final after meeting in Augsburg
1523 Zwingli leads the Swiss reformation
slow intellectual process how he understood scripture and how the Catholic church parted from it, caught plague (learned dependence on God), preached Bible, finally broke with church, met up with Luther to combine the Reformation, but disagreed over Eucharist and greater split, paved way for Calvin’s work
1525 Anabaptist movement begins
radical group sought self-governing church through the Holy Spirit, brought on by infant baptism (argued Bible showed adult baptism), wanted a brotherhood, didn’t want political powers to compel the believer, first to practice democracy
1534 Henry VIII’s act of Supremacy
wanted to remarry, Church of England, wanted a state church where the pope had no control, shut down monasteries and put money into royal treasury
1536 John Calvin publishes the Institute of the Christian Religion
very disciplined, wrote it as systematic theology that defends the Reformation teachings, powerful influence on Geneva (especially schools), Institutes clearly stated beliefs of Protestantism (predestination), focused heavily on sovereignty of God, needed to work
1540 the Pope approves the Jesuits
tried to fix problems within the church (not Protestant, just better), Ignatius of Loyola was the founder (mixture of solider, mystic and monk, pledge to be under command of pope unquestioning obedience, supported education, extensive missions
1545 Opening the Council of Trent
the clergy became far too worldly, indulgences were abolished, sacraments were necessary for salvation, the church alone could adequately interpret scripture, further separated Catholic and Protestant views
1549 Cranmer produces the Book of Common Prayer
the man who brought England into the Reformation, archbishop of Canterbury (declared Henry’s marriage invalid), images removed from churches, clergy allowed to marry, Book of Common Prayer was compromise, removed offensive Catholic material to Protestants
1559 John Knox returns to Scotland to lead reform
reformation strictly repressed, preachers killed, Scotland became closely allied with France (through Stuart marriage), Pope had no jurisdiction in Scotland, Book of Discipline
1572 St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre
French Protestants were known as Huguenots, war between Protestants and Huguenots, Catherine ordered a massacre of the Protestant leaders in Paris, passed it off as a conspiracy attempt, Huguenots were being shaken down, new king tried to placate Huguenots with Edict of Nantes
1608-1609 John Smyth baptizes the first Baptists
dangerous to hold own religious meetings, James I (solid Anglican) took throne, started church that then fled to Amsterdam, altered thinking to Mennonite way (Christ died for all), lead by Thomas Helwys, went home,
1611 Publication of King James Bible
believed he had a divine right to rule, wanted to get rid of Geneva Bible, appointed 54 scholars
1620 Pilgrims sign the Mayflower Compact
wilderness, agreed that the colony was for God and Christianity, govern selves
1628 Comenius driven from his homeland
Protestants were under Catholic authority in Bohemia, left, settled in Poland,
