Book: Stroke p. 474-501

Question 1

What is a stroke?

Answer 1

The sudden development of persisten, focal neurologic deficits. It occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced or interrupted

Question 2

What are the 2 different types of strokes?

Answer 2

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 3

What do ischemic strokes result from?

Answer 3

a) a sudden blockage of a major blood vessel supplying the brain (internal carotid, vetebrobasilar artery, or their branches)
b) a blood or air embolus that lodges in a vessel, causing complete occlusion
c) a micro-infarct, or “lacune,” which results from the effects of hypertension

Question 4

Infarct definition

Answer 4

• a small localized area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply.

Question 5

What do hemorrhagic strokes result from?

Answer 5

a) subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a congenital defect, hypertension, or infection
b) intracerebral hemorrhage
c) arteriovenous malformation

Question 6

What are common initial symptoms of stroke?

Answer 6

difficulty walking, speaking or seeing; weakness or numbness on one side of the body; and headache

Question 7

How are strokes diagnosed?

Answer 7

• Neurologic examination to identify rapid loss of movement, sensation, or language
• CT or MRI

Question 8

What are the causes of stroke (4)

Answer 8

1. ischemia: deficient blood supply
2. thrombosis: blood clot blocks blood flow to brain
3. embolism: blood clot travels to brain
4. hemorrhage: breakage of blood vessels causes bleeding into brain

Question 9

What is medical management for each type of stroke?

Answer 9

• ischemic: medication or surgery to restore blood flow
• hemorrhagic: surgery to clip aneurysm or remove arteriovenous malformation
• both: rehab (physical, occupational, and speech)

Question 10

What are deficits associated with stroke?

Answer 10

• paralysis or weakness
• spasticity
• aphasia
• pain

Question 11

What is the difference between rigidity and spasticity?

Answer 11

• rigidity: increased tone in all muscles
• spasticity: increased tone in flexors of the arm and extensors of the leg

Question 12

• Do those with stroke typically have swallowing problems?

Answer 12

Common initially but most recover

Question 13

What type/occurance of motor speech disorder is associated with stroke?

Answer 13

• flaccid, spastic, ataxic, or mixed dysarthria, depending on site of lesion
• apraxia of speech