Book 3 Chapter 1 Vocabulary

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Question 2

Microscope

Answer 2

An instrument that makes small objects look larger.

Question 3

Cell theory

Answer 3

A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.

Question 4

Cell wall

Answer 4

A rigid supporting layer that surrounds the cell of plants and some other organisms.

Question 5

Cell membrane

Answer 5

A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell and controls which substances go in and out of the structure.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

A large oval organelle that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many of the cells activities.

Question 7

Organelle

Answer 7

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function with the cell.

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

A small grain shaped organelle in the cytoplasm of a cell that produces proteins.

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

The thick like fluid region of a cell located inside the cell membrane or between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

Rod-shaped organelles that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out it’s functions.

Question 11

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

An organelle that forms a maze of passages in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

An organelle in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell.

Question 13

Vacuole

Answer 13

A sac like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.

Question 14

Chloroplasts

Answer 14

An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from the suns light and changes it from energy to food.

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

An organelle which contains chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and that can be used by the rest of the cell.

Question 16

Multicellular

Answer 16

Consisting of many cells.

Question 17

Unicellular

Answer 17

Made of a single cell.

Question 18

Tissues

Answer 18

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Question 19

Organ

Answer 19

A body structure that is composed of different kids of tissues that work together.

Question 20

Organ system

Answer 20

A group of organs that work together to perform a major function.

Question 21

Element

Answer 21

A pure substance that cannot be broken down in to other substances by chemical or physical means.

Question 22

Compound

Answer 22

A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.

Question 23

Carbohydrate

Answer 23

An energy rich organic compound, such as sugar or starch that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 24

Lipid

Answer 24

An energy rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 25

Protein

Answer 25

Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Question 26

Enzyme

Answer 26

A type of protein in a living thing that speeds up a chemical reaction.

Question 27

Nucleic acids

Answer 27

A very large organic molecule made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon and phosphorus, that contains instructions the cell needs to carry out the functions of life.

Question 28

DNA

Answer 28

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries info about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.

Question 29

Double helix

Answer 29

The shape of a DNA molecule.

Question 30

Selectively permeable

Answer 30

Some substances can pass through the cell membrane and some can’t.

Question 31

Passive transport

Answer 31

The movement of dissolved materials across a cell membrane with out using the cells energy.

Question 32

Diffusion

Answer 32

When molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 33

Osmosis

Answer 33

The diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

The movement of materials across a cell membrane using cellular energy.

Question 35

Endocytosis

Answer 35

The cell membrane engulfs a particle and changes shape.

Question 36

Exocytosis

Answer 36

Allows large particles to leave a cell.