Bony Thorax - Osteology, Arthrology and Positioning Flashcards
Which is NOT part of the bony thorax?
sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, Scapulae
Scapulae
what is the proper name for the structure commonly called the “breastbone”?
Sternum
which bone classification is the sternum?
Flat [bone]
which three bony parts compose the sternum?
Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process
which part of the sternum is most superior?
Manubrium
which articulates with the articular facets located just lateral to the jugular notch?
Clavicles
the junction of the which structures creates the sternal angle?
Manubrium and sternal body
which part of the sternum is the elongated central portion?
Body
where on the sternum is the jugular notch located?
Superior border of the manubrium
what is the smallest part of the sternum?
Xiphoid process
which part of the sternum is located at the level of T10?
Xiphoid process
with which part of the sternum does the first pair of ribs articulate?
Lateral border of the manubrium
which classification refers to ribs that attach their costal cartilages directly to the sternum?
True [ribs]
which classification refers to ribs that have no anterior attachments?
Floating [ribs]
which classification refers to the eight through 12th pairs of ribs?
False [ribs]
which pairs of ribs are classified as true ribs?
The first seven pairs
how many pairs of ribs are classified as floating ribs?
2 [pairs]
which articulation is formed in part with the head of a rib?
costovertebral
with which structures do heads of ribs articulates?
Demifacets of thoracic vertebrae
which articulation involves the tubercle of a rib?
Costotransverse
which radiographic position best demonstrates the sternum projected with the heart shadow?
RAO
For the oblique position that best demonstrates the sternum, how many degrees should the patient be rotated?
15-20 degrees
which two projections generally compose the typical series demonstrating he sternum?
Lateral and PA oblique, RAO position
how should the central ray be directed for the oblique position to best demonstrate the sternum?
perpendicularly
to best demonstrate the sternum, the patient should be rotated into the _______ position to image the sternum _____
RAO; within the heart shadow
with reference to the patient, where should the top border of the IR be positioned for the lateral projection of the sternum?
1.5 inches (3.8cm) above the jugular notch
which procedure should be performed for the lateral projection of the sternum?
Increase the SID to 72 inches (183 cm)
which procedure should be performed to demonstrate only one SC joint with the PA projection?
Turn the patient’s head to face the affected side.
which procedure should be performed to demonstrate both SC joints with PA projection?
Rest the patient’s head on the chin
how should the central ray be directed and centered for the PA projection for bilateral SC joints?
Perpendicular to T3
to demonstrate bilateral SC joints, which evaluation criterion indicates that the patient was properly positioned?
No rotation of the SC joints should be demonstrated
to most effectively demonstrate injured anterior ribs Numbers 5 and 6 on the right side, which two projections should be included as part of the series?
PA and PA oblique with the patient LAO
to most effectively demonstrate injured anterior ribs Numbers 6 and 7 on the left side, which two projections should be included as part of the series?
PA and PA oblique with the patient RAO
to most effectively demonstrate injured posterior ribs numbers 5 and 6 on the left side, which two projections should be included s part of the series?
AP and AP oblique with the patient LPO
to most effectively demonstrate injured posterior ribs Nos 6 and 7 on the right side, which two projections should be included as part of the series?
AP and AP oblique with the patient RPO
which procedure should be used to obtain radiographs of injured anterior ribs Nos 5 and 6?
Patient upright; exposure taken on suspended inspiration
if the patient’s condition permits, which procedure should be used to best demonstrate injured posterior ribs Nos 10, 11, and 12?
Patient supine; exposure taken on suspended expiration
which two projections best demonstrate injured posterior ribs Nos 10, 11, and 12 on the right side?
AP and AP oblique with the patient RPO
which two projections best demonstrate injured posterior ribs, Nos 11, 11, 12 on the left side?
AP and AP oblique with the patient LPO
which rad position best demonstrates the posterior eleventh rib on the right side without vertebral superimposition?
RPO
which rad position best demonstrates the posterior tenth rib on the left side without vertebral sumperimposition?
LPO
which rad position best demonstrates the anterior sixth rib on the left side without vertebral superimposition?
RAO
which rad position best demonstrates the anterior fifth rib on the right side without vertebral superimposition?
LAO
with reference to the patient, where should the top border of the IR/collimated field be positioned for the PA projection to demonstrate ribs above the diaphragm?
1.5 inches (3.8cm) above the shoulders
for the AP projection demonstrating ribs above the diaphragm, when should respiration be suspended and what effect will that have on the diaphragm?
On full inspiration; will depress the diaphragm
for the AP projection demonstrating ribs below the diaphragm, when should respiration be suspended and what effect will that have on the diaphragm?
On full expiration; will elevate the diaphragm
when performing the AP projection to demonstrate ribs below the diaphragm, with reference to the patient, how should the IR/collimated field be positioned?
Lower border of the IR/collimated field at the level of iliac crests
which projection best demonstrates the axillary portion of ribs?
AP oblique projection
which procedure can be performed to better demonstrate the seventh, eighth, and ninth ribs away from the shadow of the diaphragm?
Higher centering and caudal angulation of the central ray
which of the following evaluation criteria pertains to the AP oblique projection for ribs?
Axillary portion of the ribs of interest should be free of superimposition
