Bontrager Ch 3

Question 1

what is the alternate name for an AP supine abdomen exam?

Answer 1

decubitus

Question 2

the two posterior muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra which are usually visible on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph are called…?

Answer 2

right and left psoas major muscles

Question 3

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine? what are the characteristics of each region?

Answer 3

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
1. duodenum- shortest widest portion, c-shaped, begins at duodenal bulb just distal to the stomach. Ducts from the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver drain here to aid in digestion.
2. jejunum- 2/5 of the remaining small intestine
3. ileum- longest portion of the small intestine. extends at the ileocecal valve (which leads into the cecum of the large intestine)

Question 4

what are the 3 accessory digestive organs?

Answer 4

pancreas, gallbladder, and liver.

Question 5

The double-walled membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity is called the _______.

Answer 5

peritoneum

Question 6

should abdominal x-rays be taken during inspiration on expiration?

Answer 6

expiration

Question 7

which structure is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the stomach?

Answer 7

Greater omentum.

Question 8

what is another name for an AP supine abdomen?

Answer 8

KUB (kidneys, ureter, bladder)

Question 9

What is an Acute Abdomen series?

Answer 9

performed for “acute” conditions
3 images: Ap supine abdomen, AP erect abdomen, and PA chest.

Question 10

what are the 6 organs in the digestive system?

Answer 10

oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus (thoracic cavity)
stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (abdominal cavity)

Question 11

what are 2 characteristics of the oral cavity?

Answer 11

it is the mouth. the most proximal portion of the digestive system.

Question 12

what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 12

1. Nasopharynx- only part of the respiratory system
2. oropharynx-part of the digestive and respiratory system.
3. Leryngopharynx- part of the digestive and respiratory system.

Question 13

What are the characteristics of the esophagus and is it posterior or anterior to the trachea?

Answer 13

1. collapsible muscular tube through which food travels to the stomach.
2. posterior to the trachea.

Question 14

where is the stomach and what system is it part of?

Answer 14

1. entirely in the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm
2. GI (gastrointestinal) system which starts at the stomach and goes through the large and small intestinal tract.

Question 15

what are the 10 structures of the large intestine?

Answer 15

1. cecum
2. appendix/ vermiform appendix
3. ascending colon
4. hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)
5. transverse colon
6. splenic flexure ( left colic flexure)
7. descending colon
8. sigmoid colon (s-shaped)
9. rectum (final 6” or large intestine)
10. anus

Question 16

what is the largest solid organ in the body?

Answer 16

the liver

Question 17

what is the function of the liver?

Answer 17

many functions but mainly produces bile.

Question 18

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 18

stores bile.

Question 19

What does the urinary system consist of?

Answer 19

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and 1 urethra.

Question 20

the ______ sit atop the kidneys, but are NOT part of the urinary system.

Answer 20

suprarenal (adrenal) glands.

Question 21

the _____ kidney is inferior to the ______ kidney because of the liver.

Answer 21

1. RIght
2. left

Question 22

what are the 4 membranes that support and divide the abdominal cavity?

Answer 22

1. Peritoneum
2. Mesentary
3. Momentum
4. Mesocolon

Question 23

what is the peritoneum? what are the 2 layers?

Answer 23

A large serous, double-walled, sac like membrane.
there are 2 layers/walls.
1. Parietal-outer wall/layer
2. Visceral- inner wall/layer.

Question 24

what is between the parietal and visceral layers?

Answer 24

fluid to help it glide freely.

Question 25

organs behind the peritoneum are termed______. these organs are not contained in the _____.

Answer 25

1.retroperitoneal.
2. peritoneal sac

Question 26

organs under the peritoneum are termed_____. these organs ae located beneath the _____.

Answer 26

1.infraperitoneal.
2.pelvis

Question 27

what is the special section of the peritoneum that is adouble fold and lossely connects the posterior abdominal wall to individual loops of the small intestine?

Answer 27

mesentary.

Question 28

the______ is a double fold of the peritoneum. That extend from the stomach to another organ. the ________ omentum connects the stomach to the liver and the ________ omentum connects the stomach to the transverse colon, it forms a _________ which hangs down over the front of the small intestines.

Answer 28

1. Omentum
2. lesser omentum
3. greater omentum.
4. big/fatty apron.

Question 29

what is the mesocolons purpose?

Answer 29

attaches the colon (large intestine) to the posterior abdominal wall.

Question 30

what are the organs found in the retroperitoneum?

Answer 30

kidneys, ureters, adrenal glans, pancreas, c-loop of dueodenum, ascending and decending colon, upper rectum, abdominal aorta, and inferior venacava.

Question 31

what organs are found in the intraperitoneum?

Answer 31

liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, transverse and sigmoid colon.

Question 32

what is found in the RUQ?

Answer 32

liver, gallbladder, right hepatic flexure, duodenum (c-loop), head of pancreas, right kidney, right adrenal gland.

Question 33

what is found in the LUQ?

Answer 33

spleen, stomach, left colic (splenic) flexure, tail of pancreas, left kidney, left adrenal.

Question 34

what is found in the RLQ?

Answer 34

ascending colon, appendix (veriform), cecum, 2/3 ileum, ileocecal valve.

Question 35

what is found in the LLQ?

Question 36

what is essental for imaging pediatric patients?

Answer 36

motion prevention and short exposure time.

Question 37

what is the layer of pleura closest to the lung?

Answer 37

visceral