Bontrager Ch 3 Flashcards
what is the alternate name for an AP supine abdomen exam?
decubitus
the two posterior muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra which are usually visible on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph are called…?
right and left psoas major muscles
what are the 3 parts of the small intestine? what are the characteristics of each region?
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
1. duodenum- shortest widest portion, c-shaped, begins at duodenal bulb just distal to the stomach. Ducts from the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver drain here to aid in digestion.
2. jejunum- 2/5 of the remaining small intestine
3. ileum- longest portion of the small intestine. extends at the ileocecal valve (which leads into the cecum of the large intestine)
what are the 3 accessory digestive organs?
pancreas, gallbladder, and liver.
The double-walled membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity is called the _______.
peritoneum
should abdominal x-rays be taken during inspiration on expiration?
expiration
which structure is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the stomach?
Greater omentum.
what is another name for an AP supine abdomen?
KUB (kidneys, ureter, bladder)
What is an Acute Abdomen series?
performed for “acute” conditions
3 images: Ap supine abdomen, AP erect abdomen, and PA chest.
what are the 6 organs in the digestive system?
oral cavity, pharynx, and esophagus (thoracic cavity)
stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (abdominal cavity)
what are 2 characteristics of the oral cavity?
it is the mouth. the most proximal portion of the digestive system.
what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx- only part of the respiratory system
- oropharynx-part of the digestive and respiratory system.
- Leryngopharynx- part of the digestive and respiratory system.
What are the characteristics of the esophagus and is it posterior or anterior to the trachea?
- collapsible muscular tube through which food travels to the stomach.
- posterior to the trachea.
where is the stomach and what system is it part of?
- entirely in the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm
- GI (gastrointestinal) system which starts at the stomach and goes through the large and small intestinal tract.
what are the 10 structures of the large intestine?
- cecum
- appendix/ vermiform appendix
- ascending colon
- hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)
- transverse colon
- splenic flexure ( left colic flexure)
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon (s-shaped)
- rectum (final 6” or large intestine)
- anus
what is the largest solid organ in the body?
the liver
what is the function of the liver?
many functions but mainly produces bile.
what is the function of the gallbladder?
stores bile.
What does the urinary system consist of?
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and 1 urethra.
the ______ sit atop the kidneys, but are NOT part of the urinary system.
suprarenal (adrenal) glands.
the _____ kidney is inferior to the ______ kidney because of the liver.
- RIght
- left
what are the 4 membranes that support and divide the abdominal cavity?
- Peritoneum
- Mesentary
- Momentum
- Mesocolon
what is the peritoneum? what are the 2 layers?
A large serous, double-walled, sac like membrane.
there are 2 layers/walls.
1. Parietal-outer wall/layer
2. Visceral- inner wall/layer.
what is between the parietal and visceral layers?
fluid to help it glide freely.
organs behind the peritoneum are termed______. these organs are not contained in the _____.
1.retroperitoneal.
2. peritoneal sac
organs under the peritoneum are termed_____. these organs ae located beneath the _____.
1.infraperitoneal.
2.pelvis
what is the special section of the peritoneum that is adouble fold and lossely connects the posterior abdominal wall to individual loops of the small intestine?
mesentary.
the______ is a double fold of the peritoneum. That extend from the stomach to another organ. the ________ omentum connects the stomach to the liver and the ________ omentum connects the stomach to the transverse colon, it forms a _________ which hangs down over the front of the small intestines.
- Omentum
- lesser omentum
- greater omentum.
- big/fatty apron.
what is the mesocolons purpose?
attaches the colon (large intestine) to the posterior abdominal wall.
what are the organs found in the retroperitoneum?
kidneys, ureters, adrenal glans, pancreas, c-loop of dueodenum, ascending and decending colon, upper rectum, abdominal aorta, and inferior venacava.
what organs are found in the intraperitoneum?
liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, jejunum, ileum, cecum, transverse and sigmoid colon.
what is found in the RUQ?
liver, gallbladder, right hepatic flexure, duodenum (c-loop), head of pancreas, right kidney, right adrenal gland.
what is found in the LUQ?
spleen, stomach, left colic (splenic) flexure, tail of pancreas, left kidney, left adrenal.
what is found in the RLQ?
ascending colon, appendix (veriform), cecum, 2/3 ileum, ileocecal valve.
what is found in the LLQ?
what is essental for imaging pediatric patients?
motion prevention and short exposure time.
what is the layer of pleura closest to the lung?
visceral
