Bontrager Ch 1C Basic Imaging Principles Flashcards
The goal of Radiologic Technologists is to take images which can be measured against _______ for every projection.
criteria
images which are “diagnostic” but not high quality may…..
- give miss information
- Show careless work
What are the 6 radiographic criteria to evaluate an image? (B.A.S.I.C.S)
- Beam
- Artifacts
- Shielding
- Indicators
- Collimation
- Structures
Why is it important to use right/left markers on every radiographic image?
indicates the correct side of the patient or the correct limb.
Why is it unacceptable to mark images with a computerized, add-on marker (annotated marker) after the exposure is taken, rather than use a Leaded R or L which is exposed on the image?
may cause legal issues
TRUE OR FALSE:
There are additional types of markers other the R or L with the technologist’s initals.
TRUE
what is the difference between “routine” projections for a radiographic exam and “special” exams?
Routine: commonly assumed projections to be taken (pt is cooperative)
Special: need to be ordered specifically (pt is very ill)
why is a minimum of 2 projections, 90 degrees from each other, a general principle for x-ray exams?
- demonstrate superimposed anatomic structures
- localization of lesions or foreign bodies
- determination of alignment of fractures
TRUE of FALSE:
Two projections are generally performed for long bone exams.
TRUE
Name three exceptions to the rule where one projection is adequate for the minimum of two projections rule?
- AP Supine Abdomen (KUB)
- Pelvis
- AP Portable Chest
(these typically only need 1 projection)
why are a minimum of three projections needed for joints?
- more info is needed for joints
- multiple surfaces and angles of bones making up the joints
name a reason only 2 projections might be taken of an area where 3 projections is routine.
post reduction images of fractured limbs
what is the definition of palpation?
light, gentle pressure with fingers directly on the patient to locate positioning landmarks.
certain bony landmarks are used for palpation in radiology because these landmarks respond to ……
spinal levels or organs
The long axis of the anatomic part is aligned to the long axis of the _____.
IR
TRUE or FALSE:
Body habitus plays a part in the decision-making process od the orientation of the IR.
TRUE
Radiographs of the fingers, hands, wrists, forearms, and feet are displayed with ________ up.
digits
TRUE or FALSE:
The right maker should always correlate to the right side of the body and the left marker should correlate to the left (of the patient).
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE:
For a lateral projection, the side that is closest to the x-ray tube is marked.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE:
For limb projections use the appropriate right or left marker, generally on the lateral side of the anatomy of interest.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE:
For decubitus positions od the chest and abdomen the R or L marker should always be placed on the side up (the opposite side laid upon).
TRUE
what landmark does the spinal level T2-T3 correspond to?
Jugular Notch
what landmark does the spinal level T4-T5 correspond to?
Sternal Angle
what landmark does the spinal level T9-T10 correspond to?
Xiphoid Process
what landmark does the spinal level L2-L3 correspond to?
Lower lateral Rib margin
what landmark does the spinal level L4-L5 correspond to?
Iliac Crest
what landmark does the spinal level S1-S2 correspond to?
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Minimum of 3 projections when ______ are in area or interest. more information is _______then what can be provided with 2 projections.
- Joints
- needed
What are some examples of areas of interest where 3 projections are needed?
fingers, toes, hand, wrist, elbow, ankle, foot, and knee.
what are some examples of areas of interest where a minimum of 2 projections is necessary?
forearm, humerus, femur, hips, tibia-fibula, and chest.
sthenic or hyposthenic patients need what kind of orientation of the IR?
Portrait (14x17)
hypersthenic patients need what kind of orientation of the IR?
Landscape (17x14)
