Bontrager Ch 1A General, Systemic, and Skeletal Anatomy & Arthrology Flashcards
What is the structural organization of the body from smallest to largest? Make sure to name all of the tissue types.
1) Atom
2) Molecule
3) Tissue (Connective, Muscular, Epitheliam and Nervous)
4) Organ
5) Organ System
6) The Person (organism)
Name the 10 body systems and the function(s) of the system.
- Muscular- Movement, holds body erect, produces heat.
- Respiratory- supply O2 and nutrients to cells.
- Digestive- prep foods for use and eliminate waste.
- Integumentary- Regulates body temperature and protects the body.
- Circulatory- Distribute O2 and nutrients to cells.
- Endocrine- Regulates body activities thru hormones.
- Reproductive- Reproduce the organism.
- Urinary- regulate the chemistry of blood, fluid, and electrolytes.
- Nervous- Control and regulate body Via nerve impulses.
- Skeletal- Support, protect body, movement.
Define the Axial skeletal system and how many bones are apart of it.
The part of the skeletal system down the center of the body. 80 bones.
Define the Appendicular skeletal system and how many bones are apart of it.
Tupper and lower extremities of the skeletal system. 126 bones.
What is the total number of bones in an adult skeletal system?
206
What is a description and example of Long Bones?
Example: Humerus/ Femur
Describe: Extremities
What is a description and example of short bones?
Example: Tarsals and Carpals
Describe: cuboidal shape
What is a description and example of flat bones?
Example: skull bones/ sternum/ Ribs
Describe: 2 compact bone layers with cancellous bone between.
What is a description and example of irregular bones?
Example: Vertebrae/ facial bones/ pelvic bones
Describe: oddly (irregular) shaped.
What is a description and example of sesamoid bones?
Example: Patella
Description: small bones embedded in tendons to support them.
What are the type of bones where Red blood Cell production occurs?
Long, Flat, and Irregular Bones.
Name and define 2 types of ossification. What is the most common?
- Intermembranous- when bone replaces membrane
- endochondral- when bone replaces cartilage (most common)
Structural joints are classified by a type of ________.
tissue that separates the ends of adjoining joints.
Fiberous joints are held together by _________.
Fibrous connective tissue.
Cartilaginous joints are held together by______.
Cartilage.
Synovial joints are held together by_____.
Synovial sac that contains fluid
what are the 3 types of fibrous joints, there classification, and example?
- Syndesmoses:
Classification- Ampiarthrodial
ex: distal talofibular joint - Sutures
Classification- synarthrodial
ex: between the bones of the skull - Gomphoses:
classification- amphiarthrodial
ex: between the roots of the teeth and mandible or maxilla
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints? name their classification and gove an example.
1.Symphyses:
Classification- amphiarthrodial
ex: intervertebral discs/symphysis pubis
2. Synchondrose:
Classification- synarthrosis
ex: between the epiphysis and diaphysis on long bones.
what are the types of synovial joints? (7) and an example of a joint with its movement.
- Plane (gliding) joint. ex: intercarpal
- Ginglymus (hinge) joint. ex: Elbow/finger joints.
- Trochoid (pivot) joint. ex: C1 & C2
- Ellipsoid (condyloid) joints. ex: MCP and MCT joints.
- Sellar (saddle) joints. ex: 1st CMC joint of the thumb.
- Shperoidal (ball and socket) Joint. ex: shoulder/hip
- Bicondylar joint. ex: knee and TMJ.
What are the 4 types of body habitus?
sthenic, asthenic, hyposthenic, and hypersthenic.
Synarthrodial:
a. freely moveable
b. limited movement
c. immovable
C. Immovable
Amphiarthrodial:
a. freely moveable
b. limited movement
c. immovable
B. limited movement
Diarthrodial:
a. freely moveable
b. limited movement
c. immovable
A. freely moveable
Define the hyposthenic body habitus and its %.
thin/average
35%
