Bontrager Ch 1A General, Systemic, and Skeletal Anatomy & Arthrology

Question 1

What is the structural organization of the body from smallest to largest? Make sure to name all of the tissue types.

Answer 1

1) Atom
2) Molecule
3) Tissue (Connective, Muscular, Epitheliam and Nervous)
4) Organ
5) Organ System
6) The Person (organism)

Question 2

Name the 10 body systems and the function(s) of the system.

Answer 2

1. Muscular- Movement, holds body erect, produces heat.
2. Respiratory- supply O2 and nutrients to cells.
3. Digestive- prep foods for use and eliminate waste.
4. Integumentary- Regulates body temperature and protects the body.
5. Circulatory- Distribute O2 and nutrients to cells.
6. Endocrine- Regulates body activities thru hormones.
7. Reproductive- Reproduce the organism.
8. Urinary- regulate the chemistry of blood, fluid, and electrolytes.
9. Nervous- Control and regulate body Via nerve impulses.
10. Skeletal- Support, protect body, movement.

Question 3

Define the Axial skeletal system and how many bones are apart of it.

Answer 3

The part of the skeletal system down the center of the body. 80 bones.

Question 4

Define the Appendicular skeletal system and how many bones are apart of it.

Answer 4

Tupper and lower extremities of the skeletal system. 126 bones.

Question 5

What is the total number of bones in an adult skeletal system?

Answer 5

206

Question 6

What is a description and example of Long Bones?

Answer 6

Example: Humerus/ Femur
Describe: Extremities

Question 7

What is a description and example of short bones?

Answer 7

Example: Tarsals and Carpals
Describe: cuboidal shape

Question 8

What is a description and example of flat bones?

Answer 8

Example: skull bones/ sternum/ Ribs
Describe: 2 compact bone layers with cancellous bone between.

Question 9

What is a description and example of irregular bones?

Answer 9

Example: Vertebrae/ facial bones/ pelvic bones
Describe: oddly (irregular) shaped.

Question 10

What is a description and example of sesamoid bones?

Answer 10

Example: Patella
Description: small bones embedded in tendons to support them.

Question 11

What are the type of bones where Red blood Cell production occurs?

Answer 11

Long, Flat, and Irregular Bones.

Question 12

Name and define 2 types of ossification. What is the most common?

Answer 12

1. Intermembranous- when bone replaces membrane
2. endochondral- when bone replaces cartilage (most common)

Question 13

Structural joints are classified by a type of ________.

Answer 13

tissue that separates the ends of adjoining joints.

Question 14

Fiberous joints are held together by _________.

Answer 14

Fibrous connective tissue.

Question 15

Cartilaginous joints are held together by______.

Answer 15

Cartilage.

Question 16

Synovial joints are held together by_____.

Answer 16

Synovial sac that contains fluid

Question 17

what are the 3 types of fibrous joints, there classification, and example?

Answer 17

1. Syndesmoses:
   Classification- Ampiarthrodial
   ex: distal talofibular joint
2. Sutures
   Classification- synarthrodial
   ex: between the bones of the skull
3. Gomphoses:
   classification- amphiarthrodial
   ex: between the roots of the teeth and mandible or maxilla

Question 18

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints? name their classification and gove an example.

Answer 18

1.Symphyses:
Classification- amphiarthrodial
ex: intervertebral discs/symphysis pubis
2. Synchondrose:
Classification- synarthrosis
ex: between the epiphysis and diaphysis on long bones.

Question 19

what are the types of synovial joints? (7) and an example of a joint with its movement.

Answer 19

1. Plane (gliding) joint. ex: intercarpal
2. Ginglymus (hinge) joint. ex: Elbow/finger joints.
3. Trochoid (pivot) joint. ex: C1 & C2
4. Ellipsoid (condyloid) joints. ex: MCP and MCT joints.
5. Sellar (saddle) joints. ex: 1st CMC joint of the thumb.
6. Shperoidal (ball and socket) Joint. ex: shoulder/hip
7. Bicondylar joint. ex: knee and TMJ.

Question 20

What are the 4 types of body habitus?

Answer 20

sthenic, asthenic, hyposthenic, and hypersthenic.

Question 21

Synarthrodial:
a. freely moveable
b. limited movement
c. immovable

Answer 21

C. Immovable

Question 22

Amphiarthrodial:
a. freely moveable
b. limited movement
c. immovable

Answer 22

B. limited movement

Question 23

Diarthrodial:
a. freely moveable
b. limited movement
c. immovable

Answer 23

A. freely moveable

Question 24

Define the hyposthenic body habitus and its %.

Answer 24

thin/average
35%

Question 25

Define the hypersthenic body habitus and its %.

Answer 25

large and broad frame.
5%

Question 26

Define the sthenic body habitus and its %.

Answer 26

“average” or slightly thicker.
50%

Question 27

Define the asthenic body habitus and it %.

Answer 27

very thin and slender.
10%

Question 28

What is the study of bones?

Answer 28

Osteology

Question 29

What is the study of joints?

Answer 29

Arthrology

Question 30

Define anatomy

Answer 30

Science of the structures of the human body

Question 30

Define physiology

Answer 30

deals with the function of the human body.

Question 31

What is the primary center of endochondrial ossification? What is it called in growing bones? What is it called in adult bones?

Answer 31

Occurs in the mid area of the long bones.
~diaphysis in growing bones
~body in fully developed bones.

Question 32

where do secondary centers appear?
when do they often appear?
what are they called?

Answer 32

appear near the ends of extremities in long bones. First to appear in the area of the knee.
~ Most appear after birth
~ epiphysis