bones2 Flashcards
forelimbs have different shaped
morphologies for different functions
Components of bone
Mineral provides stiffness
Organic (collagen) provides elasticity
Compact dense;
found where mechanical strength is required
Bone tissue types
Compact dense
Trabecular (=spongy)
Trabecular (=spongy)
open “sponge” look; provides structural support without adding too much weight; maintains calcium and phosphate levels; site of red blood cell production
Developmental pathways
Endochondral
Intramembranous
Endochondral
cartilaginous precursor – includes all long bones (limbs, hands/feet, etc.)
Intramembranous
no cartilaginous precursor, develops directly inside connective tissue – includes flat bones of the skull; clavicles
Cementum
Covers roots of teeth and provides attachment for ligaments holding teeth in the jaw
Continually forming to keep healthy strong ligaments
Tooth tissue types
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Dentin
Next layer inside
Less mineral content and softer than enamel
Continues to grow and can regenerate, partially innervated (some blood vessels and nerves)
Enamel
Outermost layer covers the crown of the tooth
Hardest tissue in the body
Doesn’t regenerate, doesn’t grow
Superior/inferior
(top/bottom)
Anatomical terms and directions:
Superior/inferior
Proximal/distal
Anterior/posterior
Cranial/caudal
Dorsal/ventral
Proximal/distal
(close/far from trunk of body)
Anterior/posterior
(front/back)
Dorsal/ventral
(back-side/belly-side – same as anterior/posterior for humans but different for 4-legged animals)
Cranial/caudal
(towards head/towards tail – doesn’t work so well for humans)
