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PE Theory > Bones & Skeleton > Flashcards

Bones & Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what is a saddle joint and name one?

A

one of the bones forming the joint is shaped like a saddle with the other bone resting on it like a rider on a horse e.g. thumb

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2
Q

what are sesamoid bones? what are their functions?

A

These bones are embedded in tendons or muscles their function is to ease joint movement and prevent friction

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3
Q

what do your ligaments do?

A

connects bones to bones; supports and reinforces the joint capsule

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4
Q

what are the 6 function of the skeleton?

A

support, shape, protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood cells

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5
Q

what does the articulating cartilage do?

A

its a protective covering on the ends of the bones providing cushioning and acting as a shock absorber to aid movement

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6
Q

what is the joint capsule?

A

it surrounds the joint, and is tough and fibrous holding the bones in place. allowing an individual to turn/ change direction quickly with a strong base. helps prevent injury.

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7
Q

how many bones does the coccyx vertebrae have?

A

5

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8
Q

what is a gliding joint and name one?

A

allows limited side to side and back and forth movement between the almost flat surfaces of the bones in the joint e.g. clavicle OR scapula

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9
Q

what are irregular bones? what are their functions?

A

These bones all have a specific shape and therefore do not fall into another category and their function is for protection of the spinal cord e.g. vertebrae

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10
Q

what is the synovial fluid?

A

lubricates joints to reduce friction

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11
Q

how does the skeleton support us?

A

bones keep us upright and hold the body in place

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12
Q

name a slightly moveable joint

A

vertebrae

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13
Q

What is the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?

A

ligament located in the centre of the knee, controls backwards movement of the tibia

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14
Q

what is dorsiflexion?

A

the opposite movement of the ankle when you pull your toes

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15
Q

what are long bones? what are their functions?

A

they are longer as they are wide and their function is for gross movement and leverage e.g. tibia, fibula, phalanges

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16
Q

name a fixed joint

A

cranium OR pelvis

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17
Q

What is the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?

A

gives stability to the inner knee

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18
Q

how many bones does the cervical vertebrae have?

A

7

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19
Q

what is a ball and socket joint and name one?

A

they have rounded surfaces of one bone moving withing a depression of another bone which allows forward and backwards , side to side movement e.g. shoulder

20
Q

what does the cervical vertebrae do?

A

it supports the weight of the head

21
Q

what are short bones? what are their functions?

A

wide as they are long and their function is mainly for fine movements, stability and support e.g. carpals, tarsals

22
Q

what is plantarflexion?

A

extension at the ankle when you point your toes

23
Q

how does the skeleton provide us with movement?

A

muscles are attached to the skeleton and can pull bones up

24
Q

what is the synovial membrane?

A

produces synovial fluid

25
Q

what is the axial skeleton?

A

Centre core of our skeleton

26
Q

name the 7 joint actions?

A

flexion , extension, rotation, abduction, adduction , plantarflexion, dorsiflexion

27
Q

what is a hinge joint and name one?

A

bones are shaped so that movement is limited to forward and back e.g. elbow OR knee OR ankle

28
Q

what are the 5 types of bones?

A

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones

29
Q

where does the skeleton produce blood cells?

A

inner bone marrow produces red and white blood cells?

30
Q

what is the function of the coccyx vertebrae?

A

to provide attachment for ligaments and muscles of the pelvis

31
Q

what does the thoracic vertebrae do?

A

it holds the rib cage and protects the heart and lungs. limited range movement

32
Q

what is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

to bear the weight of the body. these vertebrae are much larger than others to absorb the stress of lifting and carrying heavy objects

33
Q

name the 6 synovial joints

A

Hinge joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint, saddle joint, gliding joint, ball and socket joint

34
Q

what is a condyloid joint and name one?

A

the curved surface of one bone joins with another bone e.g. wrist

35
Q

how many bones does the thoracic vertebrae have?

A

12

36
Q

how many bones does the lumbar vertebrae have?

A

5

37
Q

What is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?

A

located in the centre of the knee, controls rotation and forward movement of the tibia

38
Q

what are flat bones? what are their functions?

A

they are strong and their function are to protect vital organs and to be anchor for muscle movements e.g. cranium, ribs, pelvis and scapula

39
Q

what are the three main types of joints?

A

fixed joint, slightly moveable, synovial joints

40
Q

where does the skeleton store minerals?

A

bones store several minerals, including calcium and phosphorus

41
Q

what do your tendons do?

A

they connect bones to muscles

42
Q

what is the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?

A

give stability to the outer knee

43
Q

what is the function of the sacrum vertebrae?

A

to connect the spine to the pelvis

44
Q

how does the skeleton protect out body?

A

certain bones support our vital organs and is specifically important in contact sport such as rugby

45
Q

what is a pivot joint and name one?

A

the rounded end of one bone fits into a ring formed by the other bone which allows rotational or turning movements e.g. the joint between the first and second vertebrae of the neck

46
Q

what is a joint?

A

a joint is where two or more bones meet

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