Bones & Skeleton Flashcards
what is a saddle joint and name one?
one of the bones forming the joint is shaped like a saddle with the other bone resting on it like a rider on a horse e.g. thumb
what are sesamoid bones? what are their functions?
These bones are embedded in tendons or muscles their function is to ease joint movement and prevent friction
what do your ligaments do?
connects bones to bones; supports and reinforces the joint capsule
what are the 6 function of the skeleton?
support, shape, protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood cells
what does the articulating cartilage do?
its a protective covering on the ends of the bones providing cushioning and acting as a shock absorber to aid movement
what is the joint capsule?
it surrounds the joint, and is tough and fibrous holding the bones in place. allowing an individual to turn/ change direction quickly with a strong base. helps prevent injury.
how many bones does the coccyx vertebrae have?
5
what is a gliding joint and name one?
allows limited side to side and back and forth movement between the almost flat surfaces of the bones in the joint e.g. clavicle OR scapula
what are irregular bones? what are their functions?
These bones all have a specific shape and therefore do not fall into another category and their function is for protection of the spinal cord e.g. vertebrae
what is the synovial fluid?
lubricates joints to reduce friction
how does the skeleton support us?
bones keep us upright and hold the body in place
name a slightly moveable joint
vertebrae
What is the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
ligament located in the centre of the knee, controls backwards movement of the tibia
what is dorsiflexion?
the opposite movement of the ankle when you pull your toes
what are long bones? what are their functions?
they are longer as they are wide and their function is for gross movement and leverage e.g. tibia, fibula, phalanges
name a fixed joint
cranium OR pelvis
What is the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?
gives stability to the inner knee
how many bones does the cervical vertebrae have?
7
what is a ball and socket joint and name one?
they have rounded surfaces of one bone moving withing a depression of another bone which allows forward and backwards , side to side movement e.g. shoulder
what does the cervical vertebrae do?
it supports the weight of the head
what are short bones? what are their functions?
wide as they are long and their function is mainly for fine movements, stability and support e.g. carpals, tarsals
what is plantarflexion?
extension at the ankle when you point your toes
how does the skeleton provide us with movement?
muscles are attached to the skeleton and can pull bones up
what is the synovial membrane?
produces synovial fluid
what is the axial skeleton?
Centre core of our skeleton
name the 7 joint actions?
flexion , extension, rotation, abduction, adduction , plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
what is a hinge joint and name one?
bones are shaped so that movement is limited to forward and back e.g. elbow OR knee OR ankle
what are the 5 types of bones?
Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones
where does the skeleton produce blood cells?
inner bone marrow produces red and white blood cells?
what is the function of the coccyx vertebrae?
to provide attachment for ligaments and muscles of the pelvis
what does the thoracic vertebrae do?
it holds the rib cage and protects the heart and lungs. limited range movement
what is the function of the lumbar vertebrae?
to bear the weight of the body. these vertebrae are much larger than others to absorb the stress of lifting and carrying heavy objects
name the 6 synovial joints
Hinge joint, pivot joint, condyloid joint, saddle joint, gliding joint, ball and socket joint
what is a condyloid joint and name one?
the curved surface of one bone joins with another bone e.g. wrist
how many bones does the thoracic vertebrae have?
12
how many bones does the lumbar vertebrae have?
5
What is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
located in the centre of the knee, controls rotation and forward movement of the tibia
what are flat bones? what are their functions?
they are strong and their function are to protect vital organs and to be anchor for muscle movements e.g. cranium, ribs, pelvis and scapula
what are the three main types of joints?
fixed joint, slightly moveable, synovial joints
where does the skeleton store minerals?
bones store several minerals, including calcium and phosphorus
what do your tendons do?
they connect bones to muscles
what is the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?
give stability to the outer knee
what is the function of the sacrum vertebrae?
to connect the spine to the pelvis
how does the skeleton protect out body?
certain bones support our vital organs and is specifically important in contact sport such as rugby
what is a pivot joint and name one?
the rounded end of one bone fits into a ring formed by the other bone which allows rotational or turning movements e.g. the joint between the first and second vertebrae of the neck
what is a joint?
a joint is where two or more bones meet
