Bones of the Vertebral Column and Thorax Flashcards
The vertebral column is also known as
the Spine
The spine extends from _______ to __________
skull to tip of the tail
The vertebrae are firmly but not rigidly joined together. This contributes to maintenance of posture and allows what movement?
Flexion/Extension
What does the vertebral column enclose/protect?
Spinal cord
What regions is the vertebral column divided into?
Cervical = C (neck)
Thoracic = T (Back)
Lumbar = L (Loins)
Sacral = S (Croup)
Caudal - Cd (Tail)
What is the vertebral Formula of the dog
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd 20-23
What is the largest part of the vertebrae
Body
what does the arch of the vertebra enclose
vertebral foramen (above the body)
What does the Arch consist of
two upright pedicles on each side
What does the foramen enclose
Spinal cord
foramina together constitute what structure?
Vertebral Canal
What are the processes of the vertebra
spinous, dorsal, transverse and articular processes
The articular processes have a cranial and caudal, where what structure articulate?
Vertebrae
What does the Focea Dentis of C1 (Atlas) accommodate?
the dens of C2
The thoracic vertebrae articulates with ribs at?
Costal facets (singular of facet is fovea)
Corresponds with ribs in number
What differentiates thoracic vertebrae from the others?
the have short bodies and transverse processes
Prominent spinous processes
The rib head articulates with?
Cranial and Caudal Costal Fovea
The rib tubercle articulates with?
Costal Fovea of the transverse process
What vertebra is the Anticlinal Vertebra
T11 - spinous process is perpendicular of long axis of bone
All spinal processes cranial to T 11 point in what direction?
Caudally
All spinal processes caudal to T 11 point in what direction?
Cranially
What differentiates the lumbar vertebrae from others?
Short spinous processes
Long transverse processes
Longer and more uniform shape than thoracic vertebrae
What does the Auricular Articular surface of the Sacrum articulate with?
illium
what does the ventral sacral foramina of the sacrum allow for?
passage of ventral roots of the sacral nerves
Ribs are otherwise known as
costae
Ribs are arranged in pairs and articulates with how many vertebrae?
2
Which vertebrae (of the two) has the same number designation as the rib
the caudal one
The dorsal part of the rib is bony and articulates with?
vertebral column
The ventral part of the rib is cartilaginous and articulates with?
Sternum
The sternum is made of what three parts?
Manubrium, body, and Xiphoid
Where is the manubrium located?
Cranial - projects i front of the 1st rib
The body is made of sternabrae joined by what?
Cartilage when the animal is young and then ossifies to bone
What does the body of the sternum articulate with?
Costal cartilage of ribs
The xiphoid is caudal and consists of?
Flat cartilage at the caudal most aspect
The xiphoid supports
Cranial aspect of the abdominal floor
The xiphoid gives attachment to ?
Linea Alba (white line) - abdominal muscles meet and fuse on midline
What is the vertebral formula of the horse
C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd varies
What is the vertebral formula of cattle?
C7 T13 L6 S5 Cd varies
