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YR2 OSPE revision > Bones of the thorax > Flashcards

Bones of the thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Label the following diagram:

What vertebral level is this at?

A

Manubrium

T3

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2
Q

How many ribs are there and what are their classifications?

A

12 pairs

1-7 = true ribs: CC articulates with sternum

8-10 = false ribs: CC articulates with CC above

11 + 12 = floating: lack anterior attachment

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3
Q

What structures do the ribs articulate with?

A

Posterior: Vertebral column via head + tubercle

Anterior: Costal cartilages

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4
Q

Palpate the suprasternal (jugular) notch

A

Depression on the upper border of the manubrium, between medial ends of clavicles

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5
Q

Palpate the 2nd costal cartilage

A

Palpate lateral to sternal border at sternal angle

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6
Q

Palpate the 2nd intercostal space

A

First, overlay your finger along the 2nd costal cartilage

Then, move it inferiorly into the 2nd intercostal space

Then you can overlay the finger along the third costal cartilage, etc.

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7
Q

Where is the base of the female breast?

A

Between 2nd - 6th ribs

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8
Q

What is the costal margin and how may it be identified?

A

Lower limit of thoracic cage

Ask subject to lie supine,+ relax abdomen by flexing the thigh and knee

Laterally, the lowest border of costal margin is the 10th costal cartilage (L2)

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9
Q

Palpate the spine of C7

A

Ask subject to flex the neck

1st palpable spine at the root of neck

C7 = vertebra prominens

Spine of T1 can then be palpated below

From C7, the spines of thoracic vertebrae can be palpated but its not easy to keep track beyond T5

The tips of the thoracic spines lie ~ 1 space below their body

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10
Q

What are the bony landmarks for T2, T3 and T7?

A

Superior angle of scapula = T2 spine

Spine of scapula= medial end at level of T3 spine

Entire medial border of scapula is palpable

Inferior angle of scapula= T7 spine

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11
Q

Describe the surface markings and palpation of the trachea

A

Between inferior margin of cricoid cartilage + sternal angle

Stand facing patient sitting over edge of couch

Place each index finger on either side of sternocleidomastoid muscles, run middle finger down trachea + look for deviation

Significant deviation from midline indicates a pathological process in the lung or mediastinum

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12
Q

Label the following diagram.

At what vertebral level is this?

What happens at this level?

How would you palpate this?

A

Sternal angle

T4

Trachea Bifurcates

Aortic arch begins + ends

2nd costal cartilage attaches

Run your index finger from jugular notch downwards until a blunt ridge is felt at the manubriosternal joint

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13
Q

Label the following diagram.

At what vertebral level is this?

A

Sternum

T5-T8

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14
Q

Label the following diagram.

A

Xiphisternal joint

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15
Q

Label the following diagram.

At what vertebral level is this?

A

Xiphisternum

T9

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16
Q

Label the following diagram.

A

Costal cartilage

17
Q

Label the following diagram.

A

Costochrondal joint

18
Q

Label the following diagram.

At what vertebral level is this?

A

Suprasternal notch

T2

19
Q

Label the following diagram.

A

Costal margin

20
Q

How many of each type of vertebrae are there?

A

CERVICAL: 7

THORACIC: 12

LUMBAR: 5

SACRAL: 5

COCCYGEAL: 4 (fused)

21
Q

Label the following diagram:

A

Pedicle

22
Q

Label the following diagram

A

Body of vertebrae

23
Q

Label the following diagram

A

Transverse process

24
Q

Label the following diagram

A

Spinous process

25
Q

Label the following diagram

A

Lamina

26
Q

Label the following diagram

A

Vertebral arch

27
Q

What characterises cervical vertebrae?

A

Bifid spinous process

Transverse foramina

Triangular vertebral foramen

28
Q

What characterises thoracic vertebrae?

A

Costal facet for rib articulation on each transverse process

Circular vertebral foramen

29
Q

What characterises lumbar vertebrae?

A

Large kidney shaped vertebral bodies

Triangular vertebral foramen

30
Q

Label the following diagram

A
  1. Articulating surfaces
  2. Head
  3. Neck
  4. Sternal end
  5. Tubercle
  6. Angle
  7. Costal groove
  8. Body

YR2 OSPE revision (30 decks)

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