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Pathology 2 > Bones, joints, soft tissues (slides 66-159) > Flashcards

Bones, joints, soft tissues (slides 66-159) Flashcards

0
Q

True or false; osteosarcomas are aggressive malignancies most often forming at knee

A

true

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1
Q

What is the MC primary bone cancer

A

Osteosarcoma

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2
Q

“Codman’s Triangle” and/or sundburst appearance on X-Ray appears in patients with what disorder?

A

Osteosarcoma

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3
Q

True or false; typically osteosarcomas are not painful

A

false; typically very painful

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4
Q

True or false; cartilage forming tumors are MC benign

A

true

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5
Q

Osteochondroma - a benign tumor of cartilage MC forms where?

A

Knee

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6
Q

True or false; osteochondromas are typically multiple in presentation

A

false; MC solitary - multiple are hereditary (comes with increased sarcoma risk)

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7
Q

A patient with hereditary multiple osteochondromas are typically what age group and gender?

A

10-30 year old males`

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8
Q

Are chondromas typically benign or malignant? Unilateral or bilateral? Are they painful?

A

Benign

MC unilateral

MC asymptomatic

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9
Q

Chondromas found in the hand are MC where?

A

Proximal phalanges

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10
Q

What is more common, chondrosarcomas or osteochondromas

A

osteochondromas

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11
Q

True or false; chondrosarcomas are MC found intramedullary and rare in distal extremities

A

true

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12
Q

There are two kinds of chondrosarcomas - Low-grade and High-grade; which is MC? Are they both painful?

A

Low-grade MC

Yes

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13
Q

High-grade chondrosarcomas are less common than low-grade, but are more likely to metastasize. Where is MC place they would metastasize to?

A

Lungs

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14
Q

Where would you most likely find chondrosarcomas?

A

Shoulder, pelvis, or proximal femur

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15
Q

Which malignant bone tumor contains primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)

A

Ewing sarcoma

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16
Q

True or false; Both fibrous cortical defects (FCD) & Nonossifying fibromas (NOF) are not true neoplasms

A

true

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17
Q

What are fibrous cortical defects and nonossifying fibromas?

A

Benign lesions: fibroblasts and macrophages

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18
Q

Where is the MC place a fibrous cortical defect or nonossifying tumor would occur? Are they typically painful?

A

MC distal femur (knee)

MC asymptomatic

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19
Q

True or false; typically nonossifying tumors and fibrous cortical defects self resolve in 2-3 years

A

true

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20
Q

What is fibrous dysplasia? Where do they all come from

A

Benign lesion - failure of bony differentiation

All from spontaneous GNAS mutations

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21
Q

What are the two kinds of fibrous dysplasia? Which is MC?

A

Monostotic (one bone effected)

Polyostotic (more than one bone)

Monostotic MC

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22
Q

In monostotic fibrous dysplasia what is the MC bone effected? is it present at birth?

A

Ribs

No, typically between ages 10-30

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23
Q

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia which is less common than monostotic effects more than one bone. Which bones are MC effected? Is it more progressive than monostotic?

A

Femur

Yes - very progressive

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24
Q

True or false; Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia MC effects the femurs just like Paget disease. How do the two diseases differ?

A

Paget - effects whole shaft of femur

FB - just near the neck

25
Q

What are the 1st and 2nd MC pediatric bone caners

A

1st - osteosarcoma

2nd - Ewing sarcoma

26
Q

True or false; Ewing sarcoma MC effects caucasian males between the age of 10-20 in the femur

A

true

27
Q

What bone cancer presents with “onion-skinning” and “sunburtst” periosteum

A

Ewing sarcoma

28
Q

True or false; Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are associated with homer-wright rosettes

A

true

29
Q

Where are giant cell tumors of bone MC

A

knee

30
Q

True or false; giant-cell tumors of bone cause arthritis like pain and decreased range of motion

A

true

31
Q

True or false; secondary metastasis to bone is MC than primary bone cancers

A

true

32
Q

True or false; Carcinomas differ from their spread to bone because they typically do so via hematogenous circulation

A

false;

Sarcomas - hematogenous

Carcinomas - lymphatics

33
Q

True or false; secondary metastasis to bone MC occurs in axial skeleton

A

true

34
Q

What is the MC joint disorder?

A

Osteoarthritis

35
Q

Osteoarthritis causes degeneration of articular cartilage. Which type of cartilage does it effect?

A

collagen type 2

36
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis

A

primary - insidious - no trauma - adults

Secondary - predisposing injury - trauma - obesity - systemic disease

37
Q

Where are the MC places Males get OA? What about Females?

A

Males - hips

Females - knees and hands

38
Q

True or false; eburnation (ivory sign) is a clear sing of OA

A

true

39
Q

True or false; subchondral cysts are common in OA

A

True

40
Q

What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is RA?

A

type 4

41
Q

What kind of arthritis are Bouchard’s nodes associated with? What about Heberden’s?

A

Bouchard’s - RA

Heberden’s - OA

42
Q

What is ankylosis? Does it occur in OA? What about RA?

A

fusion of bones at joint space

OA - No

RA - eventually yes

43
Q

True or false; Boucher’s nodes and swan-neck deformity are both associated with OA

A

false; both associated with RA

44
Q

What is Pannus? What kind of arthritis is it associated with?

A

Destruction of articular spaces

RA

45
Q

Which arthritis is autoimmune, inflammatory and associated with ankylosis

A

RA

46
Q

Which arthritis is degenerative - non-inflammatory, no ankylosis

A

OA

47
Q

True or false; unlike normal RA juvenile RA effects large joints instead of small joints

A

true

48
Q

What is Marie-Strumpell disease synonymous with?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

49
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis

A

axial skeleton : inflammation and ankylosis

50
Q

True or false; 95% of ankyosing spondylitis patients are positive for HLA-B27 gene

A

true

51
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary gout

A

Primary - hyperuricemia (increased uric acid production)

Secondary - co-morbid - leukemia, renal disease, lead poisoning

52
Q

What is the other name for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease? (CPPD)

A

Pseudogout

53
Q

Calcific tendinitis is MC where?

A

Rotator cuff muscles

54
Q

What is another name for hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD)

A

calcific tendinitis

55
Q

True or false; infectious arthritis (septic arthritis) is MC caused by bacteria - specifically staph aureus

A

true

56
Q

Suppurative (pus forming) arthritis MC infects what joint?

A

knee

57
Q

True or false; lyme disease if left untreated can lead to lyme arthritis

A

true

58
Q

An epithelium lined cavity in the body containing liquid or semisolid material best describes what?

A

a cyst

59
Q

What is the main difference between a ganglion and synovial cyst?

A

Ganglion - no communication with synovial joint

Synovial cyst - does communicate with synovial joint

60
Q

What is a synovial cyst in the popliteal fossa called?

A

baker cyst

61
Q

True or false; tenosynovial giant cell tumors are rare in the sense that they are benign yet aggressive

A

true

Pathology 2 (5 decks)

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