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PTA 101 > Bones & Joints > Flashcards

Bones & Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the axial skeleton?
What bones does it consist of?

A

upright skeleton
skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, sacrum

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2
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?
What bones does it consist of?

A

appendages
UE, LE, ilium, pelvis

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3
Q

What is the structure of bones?

(three parts)

A

diaphysis
epiphysis
periosteum

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4
Q

What are the joint classifications?

A

Fibrous joint
Carilaginous joint
Synovial joint

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5
Q

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

A

Suture (synarthrosis)
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis

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6
Q

What is a suture joint?
Give an example.

(synarthrosis)

A

tight joint, little motion
skull

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7
Q

What is a gomphosis?
Give an example.

A

joint “bolted together”
teeth

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8
Q

What is a syndesmosis?
Give an example

A

ligamentous joint
tibia/fibula; raidus/ulna*

*dist portion, prox portion is synovial

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9
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

What is another term for cartilaginous joints?

A

sychondroses, symphysis

amphiarthrosis

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10
Q

What tissue comprises syncondroses?
Give an example.

A

hyaline/articular cartilage
intercostal cartilage

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11
Q

What tissue composes symphysis?
Give an example.

A

Fibrocartilage
vertebral discs

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12
Q

What are the four types of synovial joints?

A
  • nonaxial
  • uniaxial
  • biaxial
  • multiaxial
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13
Q

What is another name for synovial joints?

A

diarthrodal

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14
Q

Define a synovial joint.

A

allows for free motion and has no direct union between bone ends
surrounded by capsular membrane and filled with fluid

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15
Q

Define a nonaxial joint.

Give an example.

A

gliding joint: motion occurs secondary to other motion

carpals

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16
Q

Define a uniaxial joint.*

What are the two types? Give examples of each.

*how many planes of motion?

A

one plane of motion

hinge, pivot
hinge: IP jt
pivot: dens/atlas/axis

17
Q

Define a biaxial joint.*

What are the two types? Give an example of each.

*how many planes of motion?

A

two planes of motion

condyloid, saddle
condyloid: wrist (flex/ext, RD/UD)
saddle (concave/convex): CMC

18
Q

Define a multiaxial joint.*

What is the one type? Give an example.

*how many planes of motion?

A

three+ ranges of motion

ball and socket
hip, shoulder

19
Q

What are the two components major of a synovial joint?

A

joint capsule
articular/hyaline cartilage

20
Q

What are the two parts of the joint capsule, and what are they composed of?

A

outer layer: fibrous tissue
inner layer: synovial membrane

21
Q

What is the function of the fibrous outer layer of a synovial joint?

What is its innervation/vascularization?

A

support and protection
richly innervated, richly

vascularized

22
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

What is its innervation/vascularization?

A

secrete synovial fluid to lubricate the cartilage

poorly innervated, richly vascularized

23
Q

What is the function of the articular/hyaline cartilage?

What is its innervation/vascularization?

A

cover ends of opposing bones and reduce friction

poorly innervated, poorly vascularized

23
Q

What are ALL the components of a synovial joint?

A
  • tendon
  • ligament
  • bursa
  • fibrocartilage disc
  • labrum
24
Q

What are the two types of joint motion?

A

osteokinematic (visible motion)
arthrokinematic (internal, non-vsibible motion)

25
Q

What are the three types of arthrokinematic motion?
Define each.

A
  • roll: new points on one surface contact new points on opposing surface
  • glide: one point on one surface contacts multiple points on opposing surface
  • spin: rotation on a fixed adjacent surface
26
Q

What are the two joint surface positions? Define each.

A

close-packed position: jt surfaces maximally touching and ligaments maximally taut

loose-packed position: joint surfaces free to move; i.e., open-packed, resting

27
Q

What are the three types of end feel? Define each.

A

firm: stretch at end of range
hard: bone on bone at end of range
soft: soft tissue contact at end of range

28
Q

What are examples of abnormal end feels?

A

empty: no end feel; e.g. tendon tear, fracture, pain
firm: increased tone, tight capsule; e.g., adhesive capsulities
hard: bone on bone; e.g., OA, bones spurs
soft: e.g., edema

PTA 101 (7 decks)

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