Bones Exercises 2

Question 1

How many bones does the Axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 1

80 bones running along the axis (medial sagittal plane) of the body which protect the internal organs.

Question 2

The skull is composed of how many fused bones in adults not including the mandible?

Answer 2

21

Question 3

The vertebral or spinal column consists of how many vertebrae?

Answer 3

26 vertebrae - these protect the spinal cord.

Question 4

Cervical spine consists of 7 cervical vertebrae - (C1-7) they support the head & neck. Which vertebra is aka as the “atlas”?

Answer 4

C1 - it allows the head to move back and forward

Question 5

Cervical spine consists of 7 cervical vertebrae - (C1-7) they support the head & neck. Which vertebra is aka the “axis”?

Answer 5

C2 - it allows the head to rotate from side to side. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest & lightest.

Question 6

Thoracic spine consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-12). They are the anchor point for the ….. to hold them in place.

Answer 6

ribs - The thoracic vert. increase in size with T1 being the smallest and T12 the largest.

Question 7

Lumbar spine consists of 5 lumbar vert. (L1-5). They allow bending forward & backward movement but no rotation. They support the ……

Answer 7

bulk of the body’s weight. They are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae.

Question 8

Sacral spine - 5 bones fused together to form one bone known as the sacrum, located in the upper pelvis.

Answer 8

Helps support the body’s weight. Not a question

Question 9

Coccyx (or tailbone) 4 bones fused into one bone. Located in the lower pelvis.

Answer 9

Helps support the body’s weigh. not a question

Question 10

In between each vertebra is a small disc of cartilage which prevent the vert. from rubbing against each other, what are they called?

Answer 10

intervertebral discs. the disc is described by its location or level e.g. L1/2 means between 1st & 2nd lumbar vert.

Question 11

What part of the axial skeleton shelters the heart, lungs, liver & spleen?

Answer 11

thoracic cage.

Question 12

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Answer 12

12 pairs of thin, flattish bone.

Question 13

How many pairs of ribs are attached by cartilage to the sternum at the front & to a thoracic vertebra at the back?

Answer 13

7 pairs of “true ribs”

Question 14

How many pairs of ribs are each attached to a thoracic vertebra with cords of costal cartilage connecting each false rib to the one above?

Answer 14

3 pairs of “false ribs”

Question 15

How many pairs of ribs are only connected to a thoracic vertebra?

Answer 15

2 pairs of “floating ribs” - these ribs protect the stomach, liver, spleen and kidneys.

Question 16

What is the name of the bone at the front of the body to which “true ribs” are attached?

Answer 16

sternum or breastbone

Question 17

How many bones does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

Answer 17

126 bones, principally involved in movement, including the limbs & the structures which connect the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Question 18

Bones contain 3 types of cells. Which one makes new bone & helps repair damage by secreting a matrix of collagen & other proteins & minerals?

Answer 18

osteoblasts (blast - developing cell). Vitamin A helps keep them functioning.

Question 19

Bones contain 3 types of cells. Which carry nutrients & waste products to & from the blood vessels in the bone?

Answer 19

ostecytes

Question 20

Bones contain 3 types of cells. Which break down old bone cells, releasing calcium back into the blood to be used again to make new bone.

Answer 20

osteoclasts (clasts - break). They also help to sculpt & shape bone. Also play an important role in the repair of fractures.

Question 21

In regards to bones, what is the raised area of a bone called?

Answer 21

process

Question 22

In regards to bones, what is the rounded, knob-like end e.g. head of humerus called?

Answer 22

head

Question 23

In regards to bones, what is a rounded projection called?

Answer 23

condyle

Question 24

In regards to bones, what is a small projection above a condyle called/

Answer 24

epicongyle

Question 25

In regards to bones, what is a large, rounded projection called?

Answer 25

tuberosity

Question 26

In regards to bones, what is the very large projection called?

Answer 26

trochanter e.g. greater trochanter of the femur