Bones Exercises 2 Flashcards
How many bones does the Axial skeleton consist of?
80 bones running along the axis (medial sagittal plane) of the body which protect the internal organs.
The skull is composed of how many fused bones in adults not including the mandible?
21
The vertebral or spinal column consists of how many vertebrae?
26 vertebrae - these protect the spinal cord.
Cervical spine consists of 7 cervical vertebrae - (C1-7) they support the head & neck. Which vertebra is aka as the “atlas”?
C1 - it allows the head to move back and forward
Cervical spine consists of 7 cervical vertebrae - (C1-7) they support the head & neck. Which vertebra is aka the “axis”?
C2 - it allows the head to rotate from side to side. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest & lightest.
Thoracic spine consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-12). They are the anchor point for the ….. to hold them in place.
ribs - The thoracic vert. increase in size with T1 being the smallest and T12 the largest.
Lumbar spine consists of 5 lumbar vert. (L1-5). They allow bending forward & backward movement but no rotation. They support the ……
bulk of the body’s weight. They are the largest and strongest of the vertebrae.
Sacral spine - 5 bones fused together to form one bone known as the sacrum, located in the upper pelvis.
Helps support the body’s weight. Not a question
Coccyx (or tailbone) 4 bones fused into one bone. Located in the lower pelvis.
Helps support the body’s weigh. not a question
In between each vertebra is a small disc of cartilage which prevent the vert. from rubbing against each other, what are they called?
intervertebral discs. the disc is described by its location or level e.g. L1/2 means between 1st & 2nd lumbar vert.
What part of the axial skeleton shelters the heart, lungs, liver & spleen?
thoracic cage.
How many pairs of ribs do we have?
12 pairs of thin, flattish bone.
How many pairs of ribs are attached by cartilage to the sternum at the front & to a thoracic vertebra at the back?
7 pairs of “true ribs”
How many pairs of ribs are each attached to a thoracic vertebra with cords of costal cartilage connecting each false rib to the one above?
3 pairs of “false ribs”
How many pairs of ribs are only connected to a thoracic vertebra?
2 pairs of “floating ribs” - these ribs protect the stomach, liver, spleen and kidneys.
What is the name of the bone at the front of the body to which “true ribs” are attached?
sternum or breastbone
How many bones does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
126 bones, principally involved in movement, including the limbs & the structures which connect the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Bones contain 3 types of cells. Which one makes new bone & helps repair damage by secreting a matrix of collagen & other proteins & minerals?
osteoblasts (blast - developing cell). Vitamin A helps keep them functioning.
Bones contain 3 types of cells. Which carry nutrients & waste products to & from the blood vessels in the bone?
ostecytes
Bones contain 3 types of cells. Which break down old bone cells, releasing calcium back into the blood to be used again to make new bone.
osteoclasts (clasts - break). They also help to sculpt & shape bone. Also play an important role in the repair of fractures.
In regards to bones, what is the raised area of a bone called?
process
In regards to bones, what is the rounded, knob-like end e.g. head of humerus called?
head
In regards to bones, what is a rounded projection called?
condyle
In regards to bones, what is a small projection above a condyle called/
epicongyle
In regards to bones, what is a large, rounded projection called?
tuberosity
In regards to bones, what is the very large projection called?
trochanter e.g. greater trochanter of the femur
