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Upper Limb > Bones and Muscles + Movement (Forearm and Hand) > Flashcards

Bones and Muscles + Movement (Forearm and Hand) Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior compartment

A

Function: pronation, wrist and digit flexion
Nerve: median n. and ant. interosseous n.
Blood: radial and ulnar aa. (+ ant. interosseous a.)

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2
Q

Posterior compartment

A

Function: supination, wrist and digit extension
Nerve: deep radial n.
Blood: posterior interosseous a.

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3
Q

Radius

A

Proximal: head, neck, tuberosity
Distal: Styloid process

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4
Q

Ulna

A

Proximal: olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid, tuberosity
Distal: styloid process

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5
Q

Radioulnar joints

A

Really 3 joints (2 synovial, proximal and distal radioulnar jj. and 1 firbrous, interosseous membrane)

Support: radial and ulnar collaterl ligaments and the annular ligament

Clinical: radial dislocation inferiorly

Movement: pronation and supination

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6
Q

Radiocarpal joints

A

Support: radiocarpal ligaments and collateral ligaments

Clinical: FOOSH leads to dislocation or fracture of distal radius or commonly a scaphoid fracture

Movement: flexion/extension, ab/dduction, circumduction

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7
Q

Anterior forearm layers

A

Superficial: forearm pronation, wrist flexion

intermediate: digit flexion
deep: forearm pronation and digit flexion

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8
Q

Pronator teres (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

A

forearm pronation
median n.
medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna to radius

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9
Q

Flexor carpi radialis (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

A

wrist flexion and abduction
median n.
medial epicondyle of humerus to metacarpals

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10
Q

Palmaris longus (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm) (mising im some)

A

wrist flexion
median n.
medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar aponeurosis

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11
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

A

Wrist flexion and adduction
ulnar n.
medial epicondyle of humerus to pisiform

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12
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

A

Flexion at PIPs
medial n.
medial humeral epicondyle to middle phalanges of digits 2-5

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13
Q

Pronator quadratus (deep anterior forearm)

A

Forearm pronation
anterior interosseous n. (branch of median)
ulna to radius

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14
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus (deep anterior forearm)

A

Flexion at DIPs
anterior interosseous n. (branch of median) (digits 1 and 2)
ulnar n. (digits 3 and 4)
ulna to distal phalanges of digits 2-5

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15
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexion of distal phalanx of thumb
anterior interosseous (branch of median n.)
Radius to distal phalanx of thumb

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16
Q

Posterior forearm layers

A

Superficial: wrist and digit extension

Deep: forearm supination, extension of thumb and index finger, and thumb abduction

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17
Q

Blood to the posterior forearm

A

Posterior interosseous a.

18
Q

Nerves to the posterior forearm

A

radial n. to brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
deep radial n. to supinator and extensor carpi radialis brevis
posterior interosseous n. (from deep radial n.) gets rest of posterior forearm

19
Q

Brachioradialis (superficial posterior forearm)

A

Flexion of foream at elbow
radial n.
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus to the radius

20
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial posterior forearm)

A

Wrist extension and abduction
radial n.
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus to metacarpals

21
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (superficial posterior forearm)

A

Wrist extension and abduction
deep radial n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to metacarpal

22
Q

Extensor digitorum (superficial posterior forearm)

A

Extension of digits 2-5
Posterior interosseous n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to phalanges of 2-5

23
Q

Extensor digiti minimi (superficial posterior forearm)

A

Extensor of digit 5
Posterior interosseous n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to phalanges of 5th digit

24
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris (superficial posterior forearm)

A

Extension and adduction of wrist
posterior interosseous n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to metacarpals

25
Q

Supinator (deep posterior forearm)

A

supination of forearm
deep radial n.
Lateral epicondyle of humerus to and ulna to the radius

26
Q

Abductor pollicis longus (deep posterior forearm)

A

abduction of thumb
posterior interosseous n.
ulna to first metacarpal

27
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis (deep posterior forearm)

A

extension of thumb
posterior interosseous n.
interosseous membrane to proximal phalanx of thumb

28
Q

Extensor pollicis longus (deep posterior forearm)

A

extension of thumb
posterior interosseous n.
interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of thumb

29
Q

Extensor indicis (deep posterior forearm)

A

Extension of 2nd digit
posterior interosseous n.
ulna to 2nd metacarpal

30
Q

Proximal carpals (radial to ulnar)

A

scaphoid- articulate to distal radius

lunate- articulate to distal radius

triquetrum

pisiform- lies within tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (sesamoid)

31
Q

Distal carpals (ulnar to distal)

A

hamate- ulnar a. and n. pass lateral to it’s hook

capitate

trapezoid

trapezium- to thumb MC

32
Q

Hand bones

A 
5 metacarpals 
14 phalanges (2 for digit 1, and 3 each for digits 2-5)
33
Q

Thumb carpometacarpal joint

A

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and opposition/reposition

34
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPs)

A

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction

35
Q

Interphalangeal (PIPs and DIPs)

A

flexion/extension

36
Q

The carpal tunnel

A

median nerve
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
tendon of flexor pollicis longus

37
Q

Thenar eminence (intrinsic hand muscles)

A

Flexor pollicis brevis- thumb flexion
Abductor pollicis brevis- thumb abduction
Opponens pollicis- thumb opposition
all done by recurrent branch of median n.

38
Q

Hypothenar eminence (intrinsic hand muscles)

A

Flexor digiti minimi- 5th digit flexion
Abductor digiti minimi- 5th digit abduction
opponens digiti minimi- 5th digit opposition
all done by deep ulnar

39
Q

Intrinsic muscles (intrinsic hand muscles)

A

Adductor pollicis- thumb adduction
Lumbricals- Flexion at MPs and extension at IPs
Dorsal interossei- abduction of digits 2-4
Palmar interossei- adduction of digits 2, 4, and 5

40
Q

Hand nerves

A

median nerve is primary sensory and ulnar is primary motor

median does radial 3.5 digits and motors 2LOAF

ulnar does rest of palm and rest of hand muscles

41
Q

Blood to hand

A

Radial and ulnar aa. anastamose into the deep (radial) and superficial (ulnar) palmar arches

Upper Limb (4 decks)

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