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MSK anatomy > Bones And Joints Of The Forearm And Cubital Fossa > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Of The Forearm And Cubital Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

2 bones of the forearm

A

Radius
Ulna

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2
Q

What connects the radius and ulna

A

Interosseous membrane

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3
Q

Ulna and humerus articulation

A

Trochlea notch of ulna with trochlea of humerus

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4
Q

Radius and humerus articulation

A

Radial head with the capitellum of the humerus

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5
Q

What movements occur at the elbow joint

A

Flexion
Extension

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6
Q

Radius and ulna articulations

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

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7
Q

Movements of proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A

Pronation and supination of the forearm and hand
Radius pivots around the ulna

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8
Q

Wrist joint

A

Radiocarpal joint
Radius articulates with 2 small bones of the wrist (carpal bones)

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9
Q

Movements at the wrist joint

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

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10
Q

Which muscles move the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A

Muscles of anterior arm and anterior and posterior forearm

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11
Q

Which muscles move the wrist joint

A

Muscles of anterior and posterior forearm

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12
Q

Olecranon

A

Posteriorly, proximal ulna forms a bulky process
Fits into Olecranon fossa on posterior distal humerus to allow full extension

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13
Q

Where is the olecranon fossa

A

Posterior distal humerus

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14
Q

Coronoid process

A

Anterior protrusion on proximal end of ulna
Fits into coronoid fossa on anterior distal humerus when elbow fully flexed

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15
Q

Where is the coronoid fossa located

A

Anterior distal humerus

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16
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

Roughened lump near proximal end of radius
Distal to head and neck
Where biceps brachii tendon inserts onto radius

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17
Q

Styloid process

A

Distal protrusion of the radius and ulna
Often implicated in fractures

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18
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint

A

Synovial hinge joint

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19
Q

What reinforces the joint capsule of the elbow

A

Medial (ulnar) and lateral (radial) collateral ligaments

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20
Q

What maintains stability of the elbow joint

A

Medial and lateral Collateral ligaments
The coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna pinch the trochlea of the humerus

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21
Q

What type of joint are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A

Synovial, pivot type joints

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22
Q

Annular ligament

A

Ligament of the radius which wraps around the radial neck, attaches to the ulna and holds the radial head in place
The radial head rotates within it to produce pronation and supination

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23
Q

How many bones comprise the carpus

A

8 small bones

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24
Q

How are the bones of the carpus arranged

A

2 rows of 4 bones

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25
Q

Which 2 carpal bones does the distal radius articulate with

A

Scaphoid and lunate

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26
Q

Which bones comprise the proximal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

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27
Q

Pisiform

A

Not a true carpal bone
A small bone that develops in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

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28
Q

Meaning of scaphoid

A

Boat-shaped

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29
Q

Meaning of lunate

A

Moon-shaped

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30
Q

Meaning of triquetrum

A

Three-cornered

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31
Q

Meaning of pisiform

A

Pea-shaped

32
Q

Which bones form the distal row of the carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

33
Q

Trapezium

A

Base of the thumb

34
Q

Capitate

A

Located centrally
Largest carpal bone

35
Q

Hamate

A

Bears a bony process anteriorly (hook)

36
Q

Meaning of capitate

A

Head

37
Q

Meaning of hamate

A

Hook

38
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint

A

Condyloid synovial joint

39
Q

What type of joint are the intercarpal joints

A

Synovial joints

40
Q

Bones of the hand

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

41
Q

Bones of the digits

A

Phalanges

42
Q

Number of phalanges bones in each finger

A

3

43
Q

Number of phalanges in thumb

A

2

44
Q

Cubital fossa

A

The region anterior to the elbow joint
Often referred to as antecubital fossa (ACF)
Triangular shaoed

45
Q

3 borders of cubital fossa

A

Lateral border
Medial border
Superior border

46
Q

Lateral border of cubital fossa

A

Brachioradialis (posterior forearm muscle)

47
Q

Medial border of cubital fossa

A

Pronator teres (anterior forearm muscle)

48
Q

Superior border of cubital fossa (base)

A

Imaginary line between the media, and lateral epicondyles of humerus

49
Q

Apex of cubital fossa

A

Most distal
Points towards the forearm and hand

50
Q

Contents of the cubital fossa

A

Tendon of biceps brachii
Bicipital aponeurosis
Brachial artery
Median nerve
Radial nerve

51
Q

Where does the tendon of the biceps brachii insert onto

A

Radial tuberosity

52
Q

Bicipital aponeurosis

A

A fascial extension of the biceps tendon
Continuous with the fascia on the surface of the anterior forearm muscles
Separates the superficial veins from deeper structures in the fossa: the brachial artery and median nerve

53
Q

Brachial artery

A

Medial to biceps tendon
Bifurcates into its terminal branches -radial and ulnar arteries- deep in the cubital fossa

54
Q

Terminal branches of the brachial artery

A

Radial and ulnar arteries

55
Q

Median nerve

A

Medial to brachial artery
Travels through anterior compartment of arm and cubital fossa on its journey to the anterior forearm and hand

56
Q

Radial nerve

A

Passes through lateral aspect of the cubital fossa
Deep to brachioradialis

57
Q

Superficial veins in the subcutaneous tissue over the cubital fossa

A

Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital

58
Q

Radial head subluxation (pulled elbow)

A

This is seen in young children and is often caused by the child being pulled upwards by their arm. The annular ligament is partially torn, and the radial head moves distally out of the ligament (subluxation). It is painful and when assessing children in whom you suspect this injury, you may only notice that are not using the affected limb. The subluxed head can be reduced with relative ease using a simple manoeuvre.

59
Q

Scaphoid fracture

A

The scaphoid forms from two bones, each with its own blood supply, that fuse together. With fusion, the artery to the proximal end degenerates, and the bone is supplied from its distal end. When the scaphoid fractures, the proximal part of the bone may be disconnected from the blood supply and death of the proximal segment results – this is called avascular necrosis.

Avascular necrosis is a serious problem because the proximal scaphoid articulates with the distal radius at the wrist joint. For this reason, fractures must not be missed. However, scaphoid fractures are not always evident on X-rays taken soon after the fracture has occurred. If a fracture is suspected but not seen on X-ray, patients are still followed-up.

60
Q

Fracture of the distal radius

A

A fracture of the distal radius is very common in older people, especially females (in whom osteoporosis is more common). It is usually caused by a Fall Onto an OutStretched Hand (FOOSH). Simple distal radius fractures can be manipulated into an acceptable position for healing in the emergency department, but more complex fractures may require surgery.

61
Q
  1. What are the names of the fossae on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the distal humerus?
A

Anterior= coronoid fossa
Posterior = Olecranon

62
Q
  1. Name the three major superficial veins of the forearm.
A

Cephalic
Basilic
Median cubital vein

63
Q

Course of the Cephalic vein

A

Arises from the lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network in the dorsum of the hand
Courses laterally up the forearm to the cubital fossa where it communicates with the Basilic vein via the median cubital vein
Continues proximally io the arm and later runs in the deltopectoral groove before joining the Axillary vein

64
Q

Course of the Basilic vein

A

Arises from the medial aspect of the dorsal venous network in the dorsum of the hand
Courses medially up the forearm
Medial cubital vein connects the Basilic and Cephalic veins in the cubital fossa
Continues proximally up the medial side of the arm in the groove between the triceps and biceps
Proximally in the arm it passes deeper and joins the brachial vein to become the Axillary vein

65
Q

Which 2 veins form the Axillary vein

A

Brachial and Basilic veins

66
Q

What does the Cephalic vein join onto

A

The Axillary vein

67
Q

What connects the Basilic and Cephalic veins

A

Median cubital vein

68
Q
  1. What key structures can be found in the cubital fossa? Where are they located relative to each other?
A

Biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve
Brachial artery and median nerve lie medial to biceps tendon

69
Q
  1. Which carpal bone is most prone to fracture? What complication may result if a fracture of this bone is missed?
A

Scaphoid - fall onto an outstretched hand

70
Q
  1. What is the name of the pointed distal process of the radius and ulna that is palpable under the skin, and often implicated in fractures?
A

Styloid process

71
Q

Which bones form the wrist joint

A

Radius
Scaphoid and lunate

72
Q
  1. What is the name of the ring-like structure that holds the head of the radius in position proximally?
A

Annular ligament of the radius

73
Q

Which bones form the true elbow joint

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

74
Q

Movements of the true elbow joint

A

Flexion
Extension

75
Q

Which bone moves during pronation or supination

A

Radius

76
Q

Pneumonic to remember carpal bones

A

Straight line to pinkie
Here comes the thumb

77
Q

Path of ulnar nerve

A

Posterior to elbow
‘Funny’ bone

MSK anatomy (13 decks)

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