Bones and Joints

Question 1

How many bones are in the adult human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

How many bones are we born with?

Answer 2

~260-280 bones

Question 3

What age are all the bones in the body fused?

Answer 3

Late twenties to late thirties

Question 4

Which is the last bone to fuse?

Answer 4

The clavicle

Question 5

The bones of the skeleton are divided into 2 parts. What are they?

Answer 5

The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

Question 6

Describe the arrangement of long bones in the arm

Answer 6

Humerus (at the top of the limb), and radius (thumb side) and ulna at the at the bottom

Question 7

What do children learn at age ~4-5?

Answer 7

How to hold a pen and write - opposition (able to oppose the thumb, able to turn and rotate thumb to touch each fingertip)

Question 8

What is the arrangement of the limbs (broadly speaking)?

Answer 8

1 bone -> 2 bones -> lots of bones

Question 9

What is the shaft of long bones called?

Answer 9

Diaphysis

Question 10

What are the ends of long bones called?

Answer 10

Epiphysis

Question 11

What type of bone marrow is in the diaphysis shaft?

Answer 11

Yellow marrow - does not produce red blood cells

Question 12

What type of bone marrow is in the epiphysis?

Answer 12

Red marrow - this is where red blood cells are produced (erythropoiesis)

Question 13

What type of bone is in the epiphysis?

Answer 13

Cancellous/spongey bone

Question 14

Which part of the bone has cancellous/spongey bone?

Answer 14

The epiphysis (the ends of long bones)

Question 15

What type of bone is in the diaphysis?

Answer 15

Cortical bone

Question 16

What type of bone is around the periphery?

Answer 16

Compact bone

Question 17

What are the 3 types joints?

Answer 17

1. Synovial joint
2. Fibrous joint
3. Cartilaginous joint

Question 18

What are joints?

Answer 18

Where one bone joins to another

Question 19

Describe synovial joints

Answer 19

For extensive movement, articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage), synovial fluid in a capsule

Question 20

Describe fibrous joints

Answer 20

No synovial cavity, joint held together by dense connective tissue, no movement

Question 21

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 21

No synovium, little movement, held together by cartilage

Question 22

Give examples of synovial joints

Answer 22

Shoulder, elbow, wrist bones, knee

Question 23

Where would you find fibrous joints?

Answer 23

Skull

Question 24

What type of joints are in the skull?

Answer 24

Fibrous joints

Question 25

What type of joint is the pelvis?

Answer 25

Cartilaginous

Question 26

What are syndemoses?

Answer 26

Immovable joints where bones are joined by dense connective tissue e.g. where distal tibia and fibula meet at the ankle

Question 27

What is a symphysis?

Answer 27

Cartilaginous joint. Bone ends are covered in hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage in between e.g. pelvis, sternum, ribs

Question 28

How many bones are in the cervical spine?

Answer 28

7 (C1-C7)

Question 29

How many bones are in the thoracic spine?

Answer 29

12 (T1-T12) | 12 paired ribs

Question 30

How many bones are in the lumbar spine?

Answer 30

5 (L1-L5)

Question 31

How many bones are in the sacrum part of the spine?

Answer 31

5 segments

Question 32

At what age does the anterior fontanelle close over?

Answer 32

2 months

Question 33

At what age does the posterior fontanelle close over?

Answer 33

2 years

Question 34

How many bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 34

6: 3 on the left and 3 on the right

Question 35

When do the bones of the pelvis fuse?

Answer 35

Late twenties

Question 36

What type of cartilage is in the pelvis joints?

Answer 36

Hyaline cartilage

Question 37

Which facial bones are pneumatised?

Answer 37

``` Frontal bone Ethmoid bone Sphenoid bone Maxilla Have sinuses ```

Question 38

What do sinuses in the skull do?

Answer 38

Lighten the skull | filled with air

Question 39

Where is the weakest part of the skull?

Answer 39

Pterion, where all the bones come together | Middle meningeal artery in this area

Question 40

Which artery is in the pterion of the skull?

Answer 40

Middle meningeal artery | Injury to pterion may rupture this artery causing a haematoma

Question 41

Most bones in the face are _______ bones

Answer 41

Irregular, especially around the face

Question 42

What is the name of the joint at the top of the shoulder?

Answer 42

Acromio-clavicular joint

Question 43

Where is the acromio-clavicular joint located?

Answer 43

At the top of the shoulder

Question 44

What does the sterno-clavicular joint join?

Answer 44

Sternum to clavicle

Question 45

How many false ribs are there?

Answer 45

8-10 = false ribs (3 pairs)

Question 46

Which ribs are termed 'floating ribs'?

Answer 46

11-12 (2 pairs) | They only connect to the spine at the back (don't connect to the sternum or any other ribs)

Question 47

Why are ribs 8-10 termed false ribs?

Answer 47

Because they do not join directly to the sternum | They are connected to 7th ribs by cartilage

Question 48

Which ribs are true ribs?

Answer 48

1-7 (7 pairs)

Question 49

What is the main component of intervertebral discs?

Answer 49

Water

Question 50

What is the purpose of intervertebral discs?

Answer 50

To make sure vertebrae don't rub together

Question 51

What is a slipped disc?

Answer 51

When an intervertebral disc slips out and presses on a nerve

Question 52

Why do we get shorter as we age?

Answer 52

Lose water in the intervertebral disc (they shrink) as we age, spine becomes smaller

Question 53

What is supination?

Answer 53

Rotation of forearm so that palm is facing upwards (holding a bowl of soup)

Question 54

What is pronation?

Answer 54

Rotation of forearm so palm is facing downwards

Question 55

Which joint is the most stable joint in the body?

Answer 55

Hip joint

Question 56

What is the axis of rotation in supination and pronation?

Answer 56

The middle finger

Question 57

How many bones are in each finger (not the thumb)?

Answer 57

3 bones

Question 58

How many bones does the thumb have?

Answer 58

2 bones

Question 59

Which 3 bones form the knee joint?

Answer 59

Tibia, patella and femur | Fibula (outside of lower leg) is not part of the knee joint

Question 60

How many bones are in the hand and wrist?

Answer 60

27 bones

Question 61

How many bones are in the foot and ankle?

Answer 61

26 bones

Question 62

Are there more bones in a) the hand and wrist or b) the foot and ankle

Answer 62

a) hand and wrist has 27 bones; foot and ankle has 26 bones

Question 63

What are the bones in the hand and wrist called?

Answer 63

Phalanges (14) Metacarpals (5) Carpal bones (8)

Question 64

What are the bones in the foot and ankle called?

Answer 64

Phalanges Metatarsals Tarsal bones