Bones and Joints Flashcards
What does superior mean?
Nearer to the head
What does inferior mean?
Nearer to the feet
What does medial mean?
Nearer to midsagittal plane
What does dorsal mean?
Nearer to the back of the body
What are the names of the 3 main planes?
Coronal
Midsagittal
Transverse
At what vertebral level is the sternal angle situated?
T4
At what vertebral level is the xiphisternal joint situated?
T8
Which embryonic germ layer gives origin to the bone, cartilage and skeletal muscle?
Mesoderm
Name 2 areas in which hyaline cartilage is found
Condyles
Epiphyseal growth plate
The carpal and tarsal bones are examples of what types of bone?
Short bone
What is the function of a sesamoid bone?
To protect tendons from excessive wear
What is the function of the hyaline cartilage?
To provide smooth, low-friction gliding surfaces for free movement of the articulating bones
What does the epiphyseal growth plate contain?
Growing bone
Where is bone marrow stored?
Marrow cavity
What produces the raised lumps and bumps on a bone?
muscles, pulling on bones - increases with mechanical load
What structures usually pass through holes in the surface of bones?
Cranial Nerves
Arteries
Veins
Which ribs are “true ribs”?
1-7
What does the head of the rib articulate with?
The superior and inferior of the vertebra
What types of joints are cranial joints?
Fibrous
What is a symphysis?
Fibrocartilaginous fusion between 2 bones
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Ball and socket
What type of bone is the patella?
Sesamoid bone
What movements occur between the base of the skull and the 1st cervical vertebra?
Flexion and extension, circumducation - pivoting/rotation
What are the two types of bone?
Cortical and Trabecular
The humerus and phalanges are examples of what type of bone?
Long bones
The vertebrae and mandible are examples of what kind of bone?
Irregular bones
The skull bones and ribs are examples of what type of bones?
Flat bones
Which 3 fused bones form the hip bone?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
What is the function of the condyles?
Articulation
