Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What does superior mean?

A

Nearer to the head

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2
Q

What does inferior mean?

A

Nearer to the feet

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3
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Nearer to midsagittal plane

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4
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

Nearer to the back of the body

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5
Q

What are the names of the 3 main planes?

A

Coronal
Midsagittal
Transverse

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6
Q

At what vertebral level is the sternal angle situated?

A

T4

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7
Q

At what vertebral level is the xiphisternal joint situated?

A

T8

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8
Q

Which embryonic germ layer gives origin to the bone, cartilage and skeletal muscle?

A

Mesoderm

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9
Q

Name 2 areas in which hyaline cartilage is found

A

Condyles

Epiphyseal growth plate

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10
Q

The carpal and tarsal bones are examples of what types of bone?

A

Short bone

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11
Q

What is the function of a sesamoid bone?

A

To protect tendons from excessive wear

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12
Q

What is the function of the hyaline cartilage?

A

To provide smooth, low-friction gliding surfaces for free movement of the articulating bones

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13
Q

What does the epiphyseal growth plate contain?

A

Growing bone

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14
Q

Where is bone marrow stored?

A

Marrow cavity

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15
Q

What produces the raised lumps and bumps on a bone?

A

muscles, pulling on bones - increases with mechanical load

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16
Q

What structures usually pass through holes in the surface of bones?

A

Cranial Nerves
Arteries
Veins

17
Q

Which ribs are “true ribs”?

A

1-7

18
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

The superior and inferior of the vertebra

19
Q

What types of joints are cranial joints?

A

Fibrous

20
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

Fibrocartilaginous fusion between 2 bones

21
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Ball and socket

22
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

23
Q

What movements occur between the base of the skull and the 1st cervical vertebra?

A

Flexion and extension, circumducation - pivoting/rotation

24
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

Cortical and Trabecular

25
Q

The humerus and phalanges are examples of what type of bone?

A

Long bones

26
Q

The vertebrae and mandible are examples of what kind of bone?

A

Irregular bones

27
Q

The skull bones and ribs are examples of what type of bones?

A

Flat bones

28
Q

Which 3 fused bones form the hip bone?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

29
Q

What is the function of the condyles?

A

Articulation