Bones and Joints

Question 1

What are the three types of joint?

Answer 1

Synovial (freely moveable)
Fixed/fibrous (not moveable)
Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)

Question 2

What are the different types of synovial joint and where can you find them?

Answer 2

Ball and socket - hip, shoulder
Hinge - knee, elbow, ankle
Pivot - neck
Condyloid - wrist
Saddle - thumb
Gliding - between tarsals

Question 3

Which bones articulate the shoulder joint?

Answer 3

Scapula, Humerus

Question 4

Which bones articulate the elbow joint?

Answer 4

Humerus, Radius, Ulna

Question 5

Which bones articulate the wrist joint?

Answer 5

Radius, Ulna, Carpals

Question 6

Which bones articulate the hip joint?

Answer 6

Pelvic girdle, Femur

Question 7

Which bones articulate the knee joint?

Answer 7

Femur, Tibia

Question 8

Which bones articulate the ankle joint?

Answer 8

Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals

Question 9

Name the different movements

Answer 9

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
Medial rotation
Lateral Rotation

Question 10

Which movements can be done at a hinge joint?

Answer 10

Flexion and Extension

Question 11

Which movements occur at the ankle?

Answer 11

Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion

Question 12

Which movements can be performed at a ball and socket joint?

Answer 12

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation

Question 13

Describe what flexion is, giving a sporting example.

Answer 13

Flexion is shortening the angle at a joint, e.g. the elbow flexes in the upwards phase of a bicep curl

Question 14

Describe what extension is, giving a sporting example.

Answer 14

Extension is lengthening the angle at a joint, e.g. straightening the knee when kicking a ball

Question 15

Describe what plantar flexion is, giving a sporting example.

Answer 15

Pointing the toes, e.g. when you take off in high jump

Question 16

Describe what dorsi felxion is, giving a sporting example.

Answer 16

Bringing your toes up towards your shin, e.g. raising your toes upwards when walking.

Question 17

Describe what adduction is, giving a sporting example.

Answer 17

Bringing a limb towards the midline of the body, e.g. bringing your legs together during breast stroke.

Question 18

Describe what abduction is, giving a sporting example.

Answer 18

Taking a limb away from the midline of the body, e.g. taking your arms out to the side during breast stroke.

Question 19

Describe what circumduction is, giving a sporting example.

Answer 19

A mix of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction of a limb, e.g. bowling in cricket

Question 20

Describe what horizontal flexion is, giving a sporting example

Answer 20

Moving the limb towards the midline of the body when its parallel to the ground e.g. taking your arm across your body when throwing a discus

Question 21

Describe what horizontal extension is, giving a sporting example

Answer 21

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body when it’s parallel to the ground e.g. taking your legs out to your side (in line with hips) when opening the gate

Question 22

Describe what medial rotation is giving a sporting sample

Answer 22

Turning 11 towards the midline of the body e.g. turn in your arm inwards when creating top spin on the ball in table tennis

Question 23

Describe a lateral rotation is giving a sporting example

Answer 23

Turning them away from the midline of the body e.g. turning your feet outwards during breaststroke leg kick

Question 24

Name the three planes of movement

Answer 24

Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse

Question 25

Describe how the sagittal plane splits the body

Answer 25

Sagittal plane splits the body into left and right sides

Question 26

Identify the movements that occur in the sagittal plane

Answer 26

Movements include flexion, extension, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion

Question 27

Give sporting examples that move through the sagittal plane

Answer 27

Bicep curl – the knee when running - the ankle when jumping - somersault

Question 28

Describe how the frontal plane splits the body

Answer 28

Frontal plane splits the body into front and back

Question 29

Identify the movements that occur in the frontal plane

Answer 29

abduction, adduction

Question 30

Give sporting examples that move through the frontal plane

Answer 30

Star jump – cartwheel – taking arms and legs out to the side and back in during breaststroke

Question 31

Describe how the transverse plane splits the body

Answer 31

Transverse plane splits the body into top and bottom

Question 32

Identify the movements that occur in the transverse plane

Answer 32

Movements include medial/lateral rotation, horizontal flexion/extension

Question 33

Give sporting examples that move through the transverse plane

Answer 33

Opening/closing the gate, thoroughly discuss