Bones and Joints Flashcards
What are the three types of joint?
Synovial (freely moveable)
Fixed/fibrous (not moveable)
Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
What are the different types of synovial joint and where can you find them?
Ball and socket - hip, shoulder
Hinge - knee, elbow, ankle
Pivot - neck
Condyloid - wrist
Saddle - thumb
Gliding - between tarsals
Which bones articulate the shoulder joint?
Scapula, Humerus
Which bones articulate the elbow joint?
Humerus, Radius, Ulna
Which bones articulate the wrist joint?
Radius, Ulna, Carpals
Which bones articulate the hip joint?
Pelvic girdle, Femur
Which bones articulate the knee joint?
Femur, Tibia
Which bones articulate the ankle joint?
Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals
Name the different movements
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
Medial rotation
Lateral Rotation
Which movements can be done at a hinge joint?
Flexion and Extension
Which movements occur at the ankle?
Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion
Which movements can be performed at a ball and socket joint?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Horizontal flexion
Horizontal extension
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Describe what flexion is, giving a sporting example.
Flexion is shortening the angle at a joint, e.g. the elbow flexes in the upwards phase of a bicep curl
Describe what extension is, giving a sporting example.
Extension is lengthening the angle at a joint, e.g. straightening the knee when kicking a ball
Describe what plantar flexion is, giving a sporting example.
Pointing the toes, e.g. when you take off in high jump
Describe what dorsi felxion is, giving a sporting example.
Bringing your toes up towards your shin, e.g. raising your toes upwards when walking.
Describe what adduction is, giving a sporting example.
Bringing a limb towards the midline of the body, e.g. bringing your legs together during breast stroke.
Describe what abduction is, giving a sporting example.
Taking a limb away from the midline of the body, e.g. taking your arms out to the side during breast stroke.
Describe what circumduction is, giving a sporting example.
A mix of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction of a limb, e.g. bowling in cricket
Describe what horizontal flexion is, giving a sporting example
Moving the limb towards the midline of the body when its parallel to the ground e.g. taking your arm across your body when throwing a discus
Describe what horizontal extension is, giving a sporting example
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body when it’s parallel to the ground e.g. taking your legs out to your side (in line with hips) when opening the gate
Describe what medial rotation is giving a sporting sample
Turning 11 towards the midline of the body e.g. turn in your arm inwards when creating top spin on the ball in table tennis
Describe a lateral rotation is giving a sporting example
Turning them away from the midline of the body e.g. turning your feet outwards during breaststroke leg kick
Name the three planes of movement
Sagittal
Frontal
Transverse
Describe how the sagittal plane splits the body
Sagittal plane splits the body into left and right sides
Identify the movements that occur in the sagittal plane
Movements include flexion, extension, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
Give sporting examples that move through the sagittal plane
Bicep curl – the knee when running - the ankle when jumping - somersault
Describe how the frontal plane splits the body
Frontal plane splits the body into front and back
Identify the movements that occur in the frontal plane
abduction, adduction
Give sporting examples that move through the frontal plane
Star jump – cartwheel – taking arms and legs out to the side and back in during breaststroke
Describe how the transverse plane splits the body
Transverse plane splits the body into top and bottom
Identify the movements that occur in the transverse plane
Movements include medial/lateral rotation, horizontal flexion/extension
Give sporting examples that move through the transverse plane
Opening/closing the gate, thoroughly discuss
